Anatomy Test 1: Joints of Upper Limb/
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Created by:
centralperkam Plus on September 21, 2011
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sternoclavicular Joint (type, location) | Saddle-type joint; acts as ball and socket -make of fibral cartilage |
| Acromoiclavicular Joint (3 ligaments, pathology) | PLANE TYPE joint 1) Acromioclavicular Ligament (dislocation causes SEPARATED SHOULDER) 2) Coracoclavicular Joints (this causes separated shoulder to poke upwards) -Conoid and Trapezoid ligaments (conoid closer to medial) |
| Glenohumeral Joint (3 ligaments, area) | BALL AND SOCKET This is the rotator cuff area 1) Glenohumeral lig 2) Coracohumeral lig 3) Tranverse humeral lig |
| Where does dislocated shoulder occur? | 1) At glenohumeral joint; ripping of these ligaments; |
| Most common dislocated shoulder? | Inferior and anterior (sometimes you get posterior) |
| THE ELBOW | ... hinge-type synovial joint |
| What is area that gets damaged with pitching? | Ulnar collateral |
| What are the two ligaments connecting the ulna and radius? | Proximal radioulnar (head of radius, notch of ulna) Distal Radioulnar |
| What is function of triangular ligament? | Keeps ulna out of carpal area |
| What is nurse-maids elbow? | head of radius falls out of anular ligament |
| Name the carpals: | At Radius; Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform (atop T), Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| Transverse Humoral Ligament | Connects greater and and lesser tubercles of humerous |
| EMBRYOLOGY of nerves/muscles | .... |
| At what week do limbs start to develop? | End of 4th week |
| Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER): overall, and genes | Ectoderm thickens over developing limb -Influences mesenchyme to grow along a proximal and distal axis -SHH genes and Wnt7 genes involved |
| What happens if AER doesn't develop? | Amelia: Absence of all the limbs |
| Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA) | Mesenchymal cells cause SHH gene to be expressed -formation of limb in anterior/posterior axis |
| How does webbing in fingers disappear? | Apoptosis |
| Development of limb muscles (2 steps) | 1) Myogenic precursor cells emerge from ventral dermo-myotome of somites 2) Muscles develop from C5-T1 |
| Innervation pattern | As limbs grow, the nerves follow along with them: 1) Motor axons develop first 2) Sensory neurons follow motor axons |
| What comes from the neural crest? | provide myelin sheath |
| Brachydactyly | Short phalanges, inherited |
| Polydactyly | Extra digit |
| Syndactyly | Webbing between fingers did not apoptose |
| Amelia | Absence of one of more limbs (due to AER) |
| Meromelia | Missing of a part of a limb |
| How do limbs rotate? | Lower limbs: 90 degrees medially Upper limbs: 90 degrees lateral |
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