Neoclassicsm
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Rationalism | Age of Reason, Age of Revolution, and Neoclassicism |
| Name three characters whose opposite qualities could exist side by side? | (a)Jonathan Edwards- Strong puritan faith and belief in medical science (b) Cotton Mather- Strong Puritan faith and belief in medical science (c)Thomas Jefferson- Wrote declaration of independence and owned slaves |
| Reason(part of age of reason def) | gods special gift to humanity, man can discover his weaknesses and overcome them with it. |
| Age of Reason | Belief that God made it possible for all to reason... henceforth promoted equality. |
| Rationalism does not rely on ? | (a) religious faith (b)past authority (c)institutional authority |
| Age of Revolution | (a)American Revolution- "No Taxation without representation". American people seperate themselves from English Rule (b)French Revolution- Monarch deposed (and executed) |
| Deism | belief that God existed and created universe but does not interact (a) Shows scientific influence on religious beliefs (b) God as "Clockmaker" (Newton's term)--- not involvedin worl'ds events Universe is orderly and good (c)Man basically good |
| Rationalism was a reaction to/rejection of Puritanism | (a)change from religious centered view in writings to one of man and science (b)Sentence structure changes- gains complexity, increase in stylistic devices (c)Faith in man himself rather than viewing man as a sinner in the need of Grace |
| Neoclasscism | refers to " return to Classic Age " (a) didactic in nature (b) more rooted in " reality rather than in imagination" (c)Most writing center on social,political, and scientific improvements |
| Rise in Individual Freedoms | (a)french revolution to end opression (b)American Revolution to gain rights (c) Paine- Rights of Man |
| National pride (nationalism) | (a)identifying ourselves as a group eg. Americans rather than British (b) Growth of seperate philosophies from those england, france, and other "homelands" |
| Benjamin Franklin | (a) Didactic writings, explains how to improve one's life (b) experimenting, science discoveries |
| Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison | (a) The Federalist Papers (b)Political Influence |
| Thomas Paine | (a) Common Sense (The Crisis) writings to support the revolution; persuasive style (b) Rights of Man essay caused him to lose favor in America, too anit-religious |
| Michel de Crevecouer | (a) Letters from an American Farmer (b) American pioneer farmer "findshimself suddenly deprived of the assistance of friends, neighbors, tradesmen ,and all those inferior links which make a well established society so beautiful and pleasing. |
| Ad hominem | " against the man" fallacy of attacking the opponent instead of his her argument |
| Begging the question | Argumentation in which the believability of evidence depends on the believability of the claim. Also called " circular Reasoning" |
| Either-or reasoning | Writwr reduces argument or issues to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives. |
| Emotional appeal | writer appeals to the audiences emotions(pathos) and ignores or down-plays logical argument (logos) |
| Equivocation | writer uses same term in two different senses in an argument |
| example | An individual instance taken to be representative of general pattern. Arguing by example is considered reliable if examples aree demonstratrably true factual as well relevant |
| False analogy | when tow cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim connection between them |
| Generalization | basing a claim upon an isolated example or asserting that a claim is certain rather than probable. sweeping generalizations occur when a writer asserts that a claim applies to all instances instead of only to some |
| Non- Sequitur | "it does not follow" when one statement isnt logically connected to another |
| Oversimplification | the writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument |
| Post hoc, Ergo propter hoc | "after this, therefore because of this this", writer implies that because one thing follows another, the first caused second, when in fact the sequence is not the cause |
| Red herring | An irrelevant issue to draw away attention away from the real issue |
| Refutation | when a writer musters relevant opposing arguments |
| Strawman | arguing against a claim that nobody actually holds or is universally considered weak. this is done to draw attention away from real issue. |
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