Biology test 1 flashcards
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 species | group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| hypothesis | testable explanation of a situation |
| control group | group not being tested |
| experimental group | group being tested or affected |
| data | quantitative or qualitative information gained from scientific investigation |
| conclusion | accept, reject, suspend hypothesis |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| homeostasis | regulations of an organism's internal conditions to maintain life |
| adaptation | any inherited characteristics that results from change to a species over time |
| evolution | hereditary changes in groups of living organisms over time |
| compound light microscope | microscope that consists of a series of glass lenses and uses visible light to produce a magnified image. |
| electron microscopes | microscope that uses magnets to aim a beam of electrons at thin slices of cells |
| transmissive electron microscopes | can magnify up to 500,000X, but the specimen must be dead, sliced very thinly, and stained with heavy metal |
| scanning electron microscope | directs electrons over the surface of the specimen, producing a 3D image |
| cell | the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| organelle | specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation |
| The Cell Theory | states that organisms are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and all cells come only from other cells |
| prokaryotic cells | microscopic, unicellular organisms without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryotic cells | unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell |
| Plasma membrane | is a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Selective Permeability | by which a membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out |
| Homeostasis | regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and non polar tails facing the inside |
| Phospholipid | molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing group |
| Phosphate Head | the polar head of a phospholipid that is attracted to water, because water is also polar |
| Fatty Acid Tail | non polar tails of a phospholipid that are repelled by water |
| carbohydrate chain | carbohydrates attached to proteins, that stick out from the plasma membrane to define the cells characteristics and help cells identify chemical signals |
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