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species group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring hypothesis testable explanation of a situation control group group not being tested experimental group group being tested or affected data quantitative or qualitative information gained from scientific investigation conclusion accept, reject, suspend hypothesis metabolism all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism homeostasis regulations of an organism's internal conditions to maintain life adaptation any inherited characteristics that results from change to a species over time evolution hereditary changes in groups of living organisms over time compound light microscope microscope that consists of a series of glass lenses and uses visible light to produce a magnified image. electron microscopes microscope that uses magnets to aim a beam of electrons at thin slices of cells transmissive electron microscopes can magnify up to 500,000X, but the specimen must be dead, sliced very thinly, and stained with heavy metal scanning electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of the specimen, producing a 3D image cell the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms organelle specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation The Cell Theory states that organisms are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and all cells come only from other cells prokaryotic cells microscopic, unicellular organisms without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles eukaryotic cells unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell Plasma membrane is a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell. Selective Permeability by which a membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out Homeostasis regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life Phospholipid Bilayer plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and non polar tails facing the inside Phospholipid molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing group Phosphate Head the polar head of a phospholipid that is attracted to water, because water is also polar Fatty Acid Tail non polar tails of a phospholipid that are repelled by water carbohydrate chain carbohydrates attached to proteins, that stick out from the plasma membrane to define the cells characteristics and help cells identify chemical signals