chapter 2 psychology
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Created by:
blakematthias on September 21, 2011
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses |
| theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations |
| hypothesis | a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations |
| research | systematic investigation to establish facts; reliability, accuracy, validity |
| data | a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn |
| replication | repetition of an experiment to confirm results |
| variable | A factor that can change in an experiment |
| design types | descriptive, correlations, and experiment |
| operational definitions | identify and quantify variables so they can be measured |
| descriptive study | involves observing and noting behavior in order to provide a systematic and objective analysis; advantages= real world setting; disadvantages= bias observations, observer presence can change behavior |
| naturalistic observation | Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. |
| participent observation | study where researcher s actively involved in the situation |
| longitudinal studies | a research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period; advantages= info about the affects of age on the same people;disadvantages= expensive, takes a long time |
| observer bias | systematic errors in observation that occur because of an observer's expectations |
| cross-sectional studies | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another;advantages= faster and less expensive; disadvantages= unidentified variables may be involved |
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