| Term | Definition |
| crude oil | Is oil in its natural form before being processed |
| drip irrigation | a type of irrigation that uses less water than traditional methods |
| Arabs | People native to the Arabian Pennisula |
| Kurds | people isolated in Afghanistan near the Turkey border |
| Zionism | A movement in the 19th century to create a homeland for the Jews |
| Shi'ite | The smaller of the two branches of Muslim |
| Ayatollah Khomeni | The new political and religious leader after the Shah |
| oasis | a spot in the desert where there is water |
| desalinization | the removal of salt from ocean water |
| Israelis | people who live in Israel |
| 5 pillars of Islam | is religious duties that the Muslims have |
| PLO | a group formed in the 1960s to regain the Arab land in Israel for Palestinian |
| Taliban | fundamentalist Muslim political group |
| Sadaam Hussien | leader of Iraq |
| salt flat | areas covered by chemical salts |
| Turks | People who live in Turkey |
| OPEC | Used to help members control worldwide oil prices by adjusting oil prices. |
| Mesopotamia | Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, and Chaldea all built empires here |
| Kaaba | A black box in Mecca. |
| Shah Reza Pahlavi | a king of Iran |
| ethnic diversity | an ethnic difference |
| refinery | an industrial installation where a substance is refined |
| Western Wall | a portion of the Second Temple |
| Sunni | 83% of the Muslim world who is the larger of the two branches |
| Mecca | the holiest city of Islam |