ch 6 holes integumentary system

5 Written Questions

1. made by cells of the digestive tract, but is made in an inactive form. This form cirulates through blood vessels of the skin and is activated by exposure to UV light (sun).
2. skin absorbs small amounts of UV light. Also absorbs toxins, pesticides, and certain drugs. (ex: nicotine patch).
3. Many sensory receptors within the skin that are sensitive to touch, pain, heat and cold and pressure. Send information about the stimuli to the central nervous system. Certain skin areas have a higher number of these, so those areas are more sensitive to stimuli. Ex: palms; lips, nipples, genitals.
4. waterproof protein found in the skin, hair, and nails. This protein serves in hydro-regulation.
5. Composed or 4 or 5 distinct layers. Contains 4 cell types:
   1. keratinocytes
   2. melanocytes
   3. merkel cells
   4. langerhans cells

5 Matching Questions

1. dermis
2. Pacinian corpuscles
3. callus
4. lines of cleavage
5. hypodermis (AKA superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue)

1. a Collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis are arranged in parallel bundles to resist force in a specific direction. A parallel cut remains shut and heals well, while a right angled cut pulls open and scars. AKA tension lines.
2. b Lies below the dermis. Is composed of loose connective tissue which varies in degree with location from areolar to adipose tissue. Contains roughly 1/2 of the body's stored fat. Is 8 - 10% thicker in females due to the influence of sex hormones and greater deposit of adipocytes. Thickens with weight gain. In females, accumulates first in the thighs and breast. In males, accululates first in anterior abdomen.
3. c an area where the number of layers in the stratum corneum greatly increases due to friction or pressure. Provides extra localized protection (Ex: palms and soles) against mechanical abrasion.
4. d detect heavy pressure
5. e Tough, thick inner layer. Makes up the bulk of skin. Composed of connective tissues. Well vascularized. Contains roughly 5% of the body's total blood supply. Contains the derivatives of the skin (accessory structures).

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. 1. Binds the skin firmly to underlying structures, yet loose enough for the skin to slide.
   2. Serves as a schock absorber and insulator for deeper body structures.
   3. Provides contours of the body (curves).
   4. Supplies the skin with nerve fibers, blood and lymph vessels.
   1. functions of the hypodermis (4)
   2. functions of the skin - synthesis
   3. Functions of the skin
   4. functions of the skin - hydroregulation
2. Outermost/surface layer, consisting of 20 - 30 cell layers (accounts for 3/4 of the thickness of the epidermis). Formed by celss continuously pushed upward. Cells are dead keratinocytes. Commonly known as "dandruff/flakes" (the average person sheds about 40 lbs of skin flakes per year.
   1. stratum granulosum
   2. stratum corneum
   3. stratum lucidum
   4. stratum spinosum
3. Peglike projections on the superior surface; contains the capillary loop, sensory receptors, and dermal ridges
   1. basal cell
   2. merkel cells
   3. dermal papillae
   4. dermatology
4. 1. stratum basale (basal layer) (AKA stratum germinatium)
   2. stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
   3. stratum granulosum (granular layer)
   4. stratum lucidum (clear layer)
   5. stratum corneum (horny layer)
   1. epidermal ridges
   2. reticular layer
   3. 5 Epidermal layers
   4. epidermis
5. maintain normal body temperature by regulating heat loss. There are extensive capilary networds within the skin, as well as sweat glands that help the body release hear or conserve it to maintain homeostasis. Normal is 37 C and 98.6 F.
   1. functions of the skin - protection/defense
   2. functions of the skin - thermoregulation
   3. functions of the skin - hydroregulation
   4. functions of the skin - cutaneous absorption

5 True/False Questions

1. dermatology → Tough, thick inner layer. Makes up the bulk of skin. Composed of connective tissues. Well vascularized. Contains roughly 5% of the body's total blood supply. Contains the derivatives of the skin (accessory structures).

   True        False

2. papillary layer → Upper layer of the dermis. Thinner. Composed of areolar tissue. Contains collagen and elastic fibers loosely woven into a mat. This gives the dermis strength, flexibility, and provides skin tone.

   True        False

3. melanin → waterproof protein found in the skin, hair, and nails. This protein serves in hydro-regulation.

   True        False

4. Functions of the skin → vitamin D, melanin, keratin

   True        False

5. functions of the skin - synthesis → 1. protection/defense
   2. hydroregulation
   3. thermoregulation
   4. excretion (of wastes)
   5. reception (of stimuli)
   6. syntesis of Vitamin d, melanin, and keratin
   7. cutaneous absorption

   True        False