Cognitive Psych Test 1
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Created by:
MissLeahJay on September 22, 2011
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Wundt | created the first psychology research lab and started journals, text books, and degrees |
| Structuralism | field that focused on classifying structures of the conscious mind |
| Functionalism | field that focused on consciousness and behavior serve some kind of purpose |
| Functionalism | James; field influenced by the concept of natural selection |
| Structuralism | Wundt and Titchener |
| Structuralism | field that used the method of introspection |
| Behaviorism | field that focused on observable findings between the environment and behavior |
| Behaviorism | Watson |
| Conditioned Reflex | building blocks of behavior |
| Skinner | focused on the positive and negative consequences that shape behavior |
| Pavlov | focused on Dog Salivation Paradigm |
| Classical Conditioning | using conditioned and unconditioned responses and stimuli to create a new behavior |
| Operant Conditioning | when the consequences of behavior determine whether the behavior is repeated or not |
| Fixed Action Pattern | inborn learning; complex behaviors an animal follow through with without any practice or observation of |
| Critical Period | window of opportunity when a certain type of learning will be easy to learn |
| Chomsky | said that Behaviorism doesn't account for language |
| Science | process of formulating specific questions and then finding an answer for better understanding |
| Empirical | based on observable evidence |
| Tenacity | accepting something because it's been around so long |
| Parsimonious | least complicated explanation with the fewest assumption |
| Tentative | can be replaced by a better explanation |
| Localization | Where something in a brain occurs; damage and activation |
| Electrical Activation | Single cell recording, EEG, ERP |
| Structure Imaging Technology | CAT and MRI |
| Function Imaging Technology | PET, fMRI |
| Wernike Area | area of the brain that deals with the comprehension of words |
| Broca Area | area of the brain that deals with speech |
| EEG | electrodes put on the scalp to record neuron firing |
| CT | multiple x-rays combined to show slices of the brain |
| MRI | using hydrogen atoms and magnets to show an image |
| PET | measures blood flow to the brain |
| Cerebral Cortex | Cells that cover the outside of the brain separated into two hemispheres |
| Left | hemisphere for verbal processes, language, speech, reading and writing |
| Right | hemisphere for nonverbal processes, musical, and visual recognition |
| Inverse Projection Problem | recovering three dimensional images from a two dimensional projection |
| Luminance | amount of light hitting the eye |
| Frame of Reference | position of orientation of an object is always defiend relative to something else |
| Accommodation | the lens of the eyes changes shape to focus on an image |
| Convergence | as the object gets closer the eyes cross |
| Stereopsis | cue to distance based on the fact that each eye gets a different view |
| Familiar Size | experience causes us to interpret objects as the size they normally would be |
| Occolusion | when objects overlap the smaller one is perceived as behind the full one |
| Texture Gradient | greater separation and detail when objects are closer |
| Linear Perspective | convergence of lines assumed to be parallel but in reality provide a distant cue |
| Relative Height | even when similar objects are far away we assume they are the same size |
| Atmospheric Perspective | objects in the background look fuzzier and blueish because of dust and water particles |
| Computational Approach | environment information must me made sense of mentally |
| Ecological Approach | the environment provides the information without a strain mentally |
| Bottom Up Processing | starting with smaller details and working towards the larger picture |
| Top Down Processing | starting with the big picture then working down to the smaller details |
| Template Theory | comparing what you see to images in your mind |
| Feature-matching Theory | representation of images are because of a list of features |
| Object Centered Theory | mental representation of what an object looks like relative to the object itself; recognize parts |
| Good Continuation | points are seen as a straight or curved line instead of separate objects |
| Biederman's Theory | there are 36 different geons of shapes everything is made out of |
| What How Hypothesis | the visual system segregates what objects are and how to manipulate them |
| Attention | mechanism for continued processing to focus in and tune out |
| Inattentional Blindness | not being able to perceive things in plain sight |
| Continuous Task | task where there is no beginning or end with a steady stream of stimuli |
| Discrete Task | task where there is a noticeable beginning and end |
| Multiple Resource Theory | attention is composed of a number of attentional pools dedicated to a certain task |
| Automatic Process | process that takes few or no attentional resources and that happens without intention |
| Flanker Effect | stimuli that appear to the sides of a target and that participants are to ignore, affect behavior |
| Change Blindness | when a person fails to detect large changes in a scene |
| Dichotic Listening | listening to two different conversations at once, while focusing on one |
| Broadbent | one of the first early attentional filter model theorists |
| Late Attentional Theory | attention acts as a filter late in the processing system using indirect measures |
| Movable Filter Theory | filter than be used early or late in the processing system depending on the needs |
| Disjunctive Search | search where the target differs from others on just one feature and requires little or no attention |
| Conjunctive Search | search where target differs from other because of two or more features and requires attention |
| Ironic Process of Mental Control | attending to something you don't want to |
| Operating Process | seeking mental contents that are consistent with what you want to think about |
| Monitoring Process | searching for processes that are inconsistent; doesn't require attention |
| Vigilance | ability to maintain attention to a task in which a stimuli appear infrequently |
| Structural Explanation | interference between two tasks caused by competition for mental structures , not attentional resources |
| Parallel Performance | attention being distributed to more than one task |
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