| Term | Definition |
| sound produced with a radical obstruction of the vocal tract | consonantal |
| sound whose phonetic content is predominantly made up of the sound waves associated with voicing (high energy output relative to effort) | sonorant |
| sound during whose production the air stream is not blocked in the oral cavity | continuent |
| deliberate, accurate, maximally distinct gesture with relatively high muscular effort | tense |
| the lip orifice is rounded | round |
| body of the tongue is raised above its neutral position | hi |
| body of the tongue is lowered below its neutral position | low |
| body of tongue is retracted from its neutral position | back |
| obstruction in front of palato-aveolar region | anterior |
| blade of tongue is raised above its neutral position | coronal |
| tongue makes contact with the upper teeth | lateral |