1.
Akbar: Liberal ruler married women from different religions, abolished taxes on Hindu pilgrims and the Jizya governed through officials
2.
Aurangzeb: One of 4 sons who scrambled for the throne killed other brother and arrested father, master empire builder and military leader, brought Mughals to their peak opperessive reinforced Islamic laws appointed censors brought back taxes, empire declines 2 million people from famine
3.
Babur: Took throne 1494 at age 11 driven out by elders, built up army and returned strong, sensitive, leader, good at military arts and politics etc.
4.
Jahangir and Nur Jahan: Jahangir was weak but his wife was strong leader, after his death she put her father as prime minster son rebelled and Shah Jahan took over
5.
Mehmet II: took power at 21, launched attack on Constantinople and won, continued to Hagla Sophia and declared it mosque
6.
Orkhan I: captured Adrinople from Byzantine 1361, ottomans were kind to their conquered, had locals appointed by sultan, improved lives of peasants, Ottomans had to serve in army but pay no taxes, Non-Turks didn't have to serve but did not pay taxes
7.
Osman: founder of Ottoman empire, followers called ottomans, ran part of Anatolia 1300-1320, had soldiers use gunpowder & first to use to use cannons
8.
Safavids: originally members of Islamic religious brotherhood named after Safialdin From Iran but claimed to be descendants of Muhammad a lined with Shil's in 15th century persecuted by ottoman
9.
Selim the Grim: overthrew father killed brothers, executed nephews and all but one of his sons, defeated Safavids at Battle of Chaldrian, expanded into Syria, Palestine, and North Africa, captured Mecca and Medina and took Cairo
10.
Shah Abbas: Took throne 1587 reformed military and civilian life, created two armies loyal to him alone punished corruption on merit, established relations with Europe, encouraged arts, high demand for Persian carpets
11.
Shah Jahan: Assassinate all possible rivals loved two things: buildings and wife when wife dies built building as her tomb Taj Mahal, people suffered because of the building suffered from high taxes and famine
12.
Suleiman II: corruption in government, empire crumbled but influenced world even in 20th century, led to creation of Turkey,
13.
Suleiman the Lawgiver: also known as "the magnificent, took power in 1520 and ruled for 46 years, strong military leader, took Belgrade and island of Rhodes, captured Tripoli, expanded Hungary and Austria, failed to take over Vienna focused on domestic issues, created social organization, simplified the tax system and reduced gov't bureaucracy, killed sons Selim 2 inherited the throne
14.
Timur the Lame: from Samarkand and claimed to descendant of Genghis Khan, conquered Russia, Persia, Baghdad, and Northern India, left bodies and decay and stacked skulls of slain, stopped Ottoman expansion in Battle of Andara, took sultan back in iron cage