| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Give the derivatives from the cartilage of the 6th branchial arch | cartilages of the larynx |
| hypaxial muscles are ______ (pre/postaxial) in position to the ____ axis | preaxial, spinal |
| what is the fate of the preotic myotomes | extrinsic muscles of the eye |
| name the muscular components formed from the 4th branchial arch | cricothyroid |
| discuss in detail the formation of the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta | the truncus arteriosus (superior portion of bulbus cortus) ascends and twists as the R and L conotruncal septa push inward to divide the aorta and pulmonary trunk |
| during early development, the primitive heart is suspended in the _________ cavity by a mesentary known as the dorsal _____ | pericardial, mesocardium |
| foramen ovale forms within this embryonic structure | septum secundum |
| specifically,why is the sinuatrial fold important | it shifts the opening into the sinus verosus to the right side of the ?? |
| what specific structure is/are derived from the inferior part of the right venous valve ofthe sinuatrial orifice | the valve of the coronary sinus and the valve of the inferior vena cava |
| ____ forms the trabeculated part of the left ventricle | primitive ventricle |
| _____ embryonic component that forms the nontrabeculated part of the right ventricle | conus cordis |
| ____ forms the auricles | primitive common atrium |
| week in which the vascular system appears | 3rd |
| list the origin of the following component of the eye: conjunctival epithelium | ? |
| list the origin of the following component of the eye: lacrimal gland epithelium | surface ectoderm |
| what are the derivatives of the hyaloid artery | the central artery of the retina and hyaloid canal ? |
| what causes coloboma | incomplete closure of the choroid fissure |
| discuss the mechanics of the formation of the anterior chamber of the eye | forms from a hole formed in the mesenchymal tissue anterior to the lens |
| discuss the mechanics of the formation of the lens | forms from induction when the otic vessicle comes close to the surface ectoderm thus forming the lens palcade, pit and vesicle |
| how long does capacitation take? | 7 hours |
| the 2n number of chromosomes is | 46 |
| the pre-embryonic period is | 0-2 |
| the acrosome reaction is | perforation of the acrosome head (of sperm) and release of enzymes to allow the sperm to penetrate 2nd oocyte barrier |
| what barriers must the sperm pass? (in order) | corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte membrane |
| what causes the oocyte to finish its 2nd meotic division | penetration of the oocyte cell mambrane |
| when does the morula form | 3 days (post fertilization) |
| what is a blastocyst | hollow ball of about 58 cells |
| what is cleavage | a series of mitotic divisions |
| when does the zona pellucida dissappear | before implantation |
| the spleen develops from | ? |
| the epithelium of the lungs develops from | endoderm |
| the primitive pit and node give rise to | the notocord |
| uteroplacental circulation begins as | lacunae tap maternal sinusoids |
| the hypoblast forms | endoderm |
| a hydatidiform mole is ? | non-invasive benign tumor that develops from chorionic remnants |
| the fetal period is _____ weeks postfertilization | 9-38 |
| the yolk sac is also calle dthe | exocoelomic cavity |
| lateral and cephalocaudal folding occur duringwhat week | 4th |
| the gut develops from part of the | yolk sac |
| when does the embryo take on a human appearance | fetal period |
| component that specifically develops from the saccule | cochlear duct |
| six elevations termed ____ appear on each side of the first pharyngeal cleft. specifically, the elveations eventually form the ____ | hiollocks, auricle/pinna |
| valve that gaurds the exit of the rgiht ventricle | pulmonary |
| structure that transmits the right crus of the AV bundle across the right ventricular cavity | septomarginal trabeculae |
| vessel which accompanies the posterior interventricular artery of heart | middle cardiac vein |
| besides the inferior and superior vena cava, name two tributaries of the right atrium | anterior cardiac veins, coronary sinus |
| specific name given to the area where the coronary arteries begin | sinuses of the aortic valve |
| the SA node is located in the right atrial wall between the auricle and superior vena cava at the upper end of the | crista terminalis |
| name given to the right AV valve | tricuspid |
| chamber of the heart which forms its right border | right atrium |
| when comparing thickness of the right ventricle compared to the left, it is (precisely) | 1/3 the size |
| also known as the mitral valve | bicuspid |
| structurally define the upper border of the superior mediastinum | plane of the 1st rib |
| structurally define the lateral border of the superior mediastinum | pleura of lungs |
| which pulmonary artery is longest and largest | right |
| which pulmonary artery runs posterior to the ascending aorta | right |
| name the specific mediastinum in which the distal part of the phrenic nerve is found | middle |
| name the specific mediastinum in which the aortic arch is found | superior |
| vein that drains the upper 2,3,4th intercostal spaces | highest intercostal vein |
| name the 4 visceral branches of the descending thoracic aorta | pericardial aa, bronchial aa, esophageal aa, mediastinal aa |
| normally, the specific vessel which directly drains 5,6,7 and 8 left posterior intercostal veins | accessory hemiazygous |
| portion of the condiction system located in the lower part of the right atrium | AV node |
| name given to the two small openings into the superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi | superior & inferior lacrimal puncta |
| suspensory ligaments travel from the lens to the | ciliary body |
| name the receptros for static equilibrium | maculae |
| portion of osseous labyrinth into which oval window opens | vestibule |
| give the derivatives from the cartilage of the 6th branchial arch | laryngeal cartilages |
| make a short flow diagram showing the differentiation of a smoite | scleratome <-- somite --> dermatome-->myotome |
| list the hypomere derivatives of the lumbar myotome | quadratus lumborum |
| besides the muscles of facial expression, list 3 muscles formed from the mesoderm of the second branchial arch | stapedius, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid |
| name vessels whish develop and remain in the adult to supply the pigment layer of the retina | short posterior ciliary aa |
| list the origin of the ciliary mm | mesoderm |
| list the origin of the pigment layer of the iris | neuroectoderm |
| disucss the mechanics of formation of the anterior chamber of the eye | disintegration of mesoderm |
| disucss the mechanics of formation of the lens | optic placode |
| name vessels which develop and remain in adult to supply the iris and ciliary body | long posterior ciliary, anterior ciliary |
| week in which the vascular system appears | 3 |
| specifically, why is the sinuatrial fold important | it moves the opening of the sinovenarium to the right |
| septal formation in the common atrium is first indicated by the appearance of _____________ | septum primum |
| the day when the heart begins tobeat | 22-23 |
| the day when the heart tubes fuse | 21 |
| the definitive derivative of the left common cardinal vein | oblique vein of left atrium |
| name given to the distal 1/3 of the bulbus cordis | truncus arteriosus |
| give the derivatives of the right horn of the sinus venosus | principal cavity of right atrium |
| give the derivatives of the left horn of sinus venosus | coronary sinus |
| forms the trabeculated part of the left ventricle | original ventricle |
| component (not germ layer) that forms the tubotympanic recess and auditory tube | 1st pharyngeal pouch |
| germ layer that forms membranous labyrinth | ectoderm |
| protion of the conduction system of the heart innervated by the r vagus n | SA node |
| besides IVC and SVC, name two tributaries of the right atrium | R coronary v, venum minimarum |
| there are weak anastomoses between what names arteries on the surface of the heart | anterior and posterior interventricular, posterior circumflex and right coronary |
| specific chamber of the heart which lies against the esophagus | left atrium |
| 3 grooves seen on the external heart | coronary sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus |
| upper smooth portion of the left ventricle that guides blood toa great artery | aortic vestibule |
| name given to raised upper margin of the fossa ovalis | limbus of fossa ovalis |
| also known as mitral valve | bicuspid valve |
| ridge like muscles which line ventricles of the heart but ar enot associated with valve function | trabeculae carnae |
| name the cusps of the pulmonary valve | anterior left and right |
| specific artery that supplies the upper surface of the respiratory diaphragm | superior phrenic a |
| the right pulmonary artery runs ____ to the _______ part of the aorta | posterior, ascending |
| structurally define the upper border of the superior mediastinum | plane of 1st rib |
| structurally define the lateral border of the superior mediastinum | plueral sacs of lungs |
| the ligamentum arteriosum connects which two vessels | aortic arch and left pulmonary a |
| name the muslces that adduct the eye | medial superior and inferior rectus mm |
| complete the following flow chart of aqueous humor in the eye: posterior chamber-->anterior chamber-->trabeculae--> | canal of schlemm, vein |
| forsal projection anterior to concha and over the orifice of the external aucoustic meatus | tragus |
| the triangular cochlear duct is separted from the scala vestibuli by the _____ and separated from the scala tympani by the ______ | vestibular membrane, basilar membrane |
| portion of conduction system of the heart innervated by sympathetics from the left | av node |
| ein that accompanies right coronary artery around to the posterior surface of the heart | small cardiac v |
| specific chamber of the heart which lies against the esophagus | left atrium |
| name the papillary mm of the right ventricle | septal, anterior, posterior |
| givev the composition of the parietal pericardium | fibrous outer layer, serous inner layer |
| upper smooth area of the right entricle that guides blood to a great artery | conus arteriosus |
| muscles lining auricles only | pectinate mm |
| part of the conduction system known as the pacemaker | sa node |
| name given to the entire posterior surface of the heart | base |
| smallest sized vessels, drain directly into the right atrium and other chambers | venum minimarum |
| the apex of the heart points | anterior, inferior, and to the left |
| upper smooth area of the left ventricle that guides blood to a great artery | aortic vestibule |
| companion vessel of anterior interventricular | great cardiac v |
| how does blood enter the coronary arteries | recoil of the aorta |
| extends from SVC to IVC, divides right artium into two parts | crista terminalis |
| name given to right av valve | tricuspid |
| name the cusps of the left av valve | anterior, posterior |
| name given tot he string-like structures that attach to the cusps of the av valves, prevent eversion of cusps | chordae tendinae |
| during their course, the phrenic nn pass downward _____ to the roots of the lungs and onto the surface of the ____ before entering the diaphragm | anterior, pericardial sac |
| define the lower border of the superior mediastinum | horizontal line through sternal angle and t4-5 disk |
| name tributaries of the azygous | right ascending lumbar, branch of the IVC, right posterior intercostals, right highest intercostal, hemiazygous, accesory hemiazygous, right bronchial |
| as the left recurrent laryngeal n loops under the arch of the aorta, it lies immediately to the left of the | ligamentum arteriosum |
| name the tributaries of the hemiazygous v | ascending lumbar, branch of left renal v, left subcostal, caudal 3-4 left posterior intercostal, left bronchial, some esophagela and mediastinal |
| the azygous v runs superiorly then arches over the ____ to empty into the _____ | root of the right lung, svc |
| specifically, where are the maculae located | walls of utricle and saccule |
| trinagular space at the medial angle of eye where tears collect | lacrimal lake |
| name the adductors of the eye | medial, superior, and inferior rectus mm |
| the flow of aqueous humor in the eye = | ciliary body, posterior chamber, pupil, anterior chamber, trabeculae, scleral venous sinus (canal of schlem), vein |
| small reddish body of skin containing sebaceous and sweat glands, produces a whitish secretion | lacrimal caruncula |
| chamber between the iris and the lens | posterior |
| name the abductors of the eye | superior and inferior obliques, lateral rectus |
| minute small cavities at the junction of iris and cornea (drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber) | trabeculae |
| named branch of cn 7 passing through the middle ear just medial to the malleus, conducts taste and some autonomics to the salivary glands | chorda tympani |
| chamber of cochlea into which round window opens | scala tympani |
| fluid found in membranous labyrinth | endolymph |
| outer rim of auricle | helix |
| the ____ fits into the ___ window | stapes, oval |
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