| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Gram + Facultative Cocci | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Boils, Impetigo, Cellulitis, Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis, Necrotizing Pneumonia, Endocarditis, Sepsis, Gastroenteritis, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Scalded Skin Syndrome |
| Catalase + | Staphylococcus NOT Streptococcus |
| Coagulase + | Staph. epidermidis NOT Staph. saprophyticus |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Prosthetic infections (forms biofilm), Capsule |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | UTI, Gram +, Pyogenic Infections only, NO exotoxins |
| Lancefield Groups A-U | Streptococcus |
| Strep. pyogenes | M protein (Group A), Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Erisypelas, Pneumonia, Cellulitis, Rheumatic Fever, Glomerulonephritis, Scarlet Fever, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Necrotizing Fasciitis |
| Strep. pneumoniae | Meningitis, Acute Pneumonia, Otitis media, Capsule |
| Otitis media* | Strep. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae |
| Strep. mutans | Viridans group, Dental Caries, Endocarditis, Bacteremia |
| Strep.agalactiae | Group B, Meningitis, Pneumonia, Bateremia in neonates |
| Strep bovis | Nosocomial UTIs, Enocarditis |
| Enterococcus faecalis and faecium | Colon, Nosocomial, UTIs, Bacteremia, Wound Infections, Endocarditis |
| Gram + Bacilli | Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Listeria |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Diptheria (pseudomembrane), AB toxin interrupts EF-2, DPT vaccine |
| Bacillus | Endospores |
| Bacillus anthracis | Anthrax, Soil, Non-motile, Tissue damage and Edema |
| Bacillus cereus | Food Poisoning, Emetic and Diarrheal forms |
| Bacillus subtilis | Opportunistic Infection |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Intracellular Pathogen, Motile, NO spores, Meningitis in immunocompromised, Abortions, Bacteremia and Endocarditis |
| Clostridium perfringens | Gas gangrene (war wounds), Food poisoning, Hyperbaric treatment |
| Clostridium botulinum | Toxin blocks release of transmitters into synapse, Flaccid paralysis, Floppy Baby Syndrome |
| Clostridium tetani | Anaerobic, Toxin releases inhibitory transmitters at synapse, Contraction |
| Clostridium difficile | Antibiotic-associated diarrheas, Nosocomial, Exotoxin, Pseudomembranous exudates |
| Gram - Cocci | Neisseria, Moraxella, Acinetobacter |
| Neisseria gonorrheae | LPS (Fever and Shock), Pilli bind mucosal surfaces, Urethritis, Cervicitis, Proctitis, Pharyngitis, Conjunctivitis, Pyogenic Infection, Septic Arthritis, most women asymptomatic |
| Neisseria meningitidis | LOS, Capsule, Meningitis in Neonates and dorms, pneumonia, arthritis |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Otitis media, Bronchopneumonia |
| Acinetobacter | Pneumonia, Sepsis, UTIs, NOSOCOMIAL |
| Enterobacteriaceae | Facultative anaerobes, Ferment glucose, Oxidase negative, Colon, Endotoxin, Gram - |
| Escherichia coli | most abundant facultative anaerobe, ferments lactose, OHK antigens, UT Bladder and Kidney Infections, Septicemia, Pneumonia, Meningitis, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Hemolytic Urea Syndrome |
| Bacteremia | Bacteria in Blood |
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) | inflammatory response to infection; results in sepsis |
| Septic Shock | Sepsis with development of hypotension |
| Refractory Septic Shock | Hypotension of sepsis not pharmacologically treatable |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) | body's attempt to isolate toxin |
| Septic Shock Activators | LOS, Lipoproteins, teichoic acid and peptidoglycan (gram + cell wall components) |
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli | Montezuma's revenge and infant diarrhea, Heat Labile toxin (Hypersecretion of Electrolytes) |
| Enteropathogenic E. coli | Infant diarrhea (at birth), alter microvilli, watery diarrhea |
| Enterohemorrhagic E coli | O157:H7, Hemorrhagic colitis, verotoxin =>Shiga toxin, bloody diarrhea, Zoonotic origins |
| Enteroinvasive E. coli | Epithelial of large intestine, dysentery |
| Salmonella | produce H2S, Multiple flagella, intracellular parasite, Endotoxin |
| Salmonella enterica | Gasteroenteritis, Nausea, Diarrhea, Vomiting, 1500 serotypes |
| Salmonella typhi | Typhoid fever=>bacteremia, fever, 1 serotype |
| Shigella | Bloody diarrhea with mucous, abdominal cramping, ID 50 >100 |
| Vibrio cholerae | rice-water stool, massive fluid and electrolyte loss, Toxin activates adenylate cylcase increasing cAMP |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | diarrhea after eating shellfish |
| Heliobacter pylori | gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis, stomach cancer risk, urease |
| Camphylobacter jejuni | urease negative, enterocolitis (foul smelling water stool, bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever), unpasteurized milk |
| Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Serratia marsescens | Nosocomial pathogens, UTIs, pneumonia, thick, bloody sputum (one species) |
| Proteus vulgaris and mirabilis, Providencia rettgeri, Morganelli morganii | UTIs, urease +, highly motile |
| Pseudomona aeruginosa | Aerobe, NO glucose fermentation, Oxidase +, fruity color, motile, Nosocomial UTIs , pneumonia, grows in water, infects burns and wounds, infections of skin, eye and otitis externa |
| Bacteroides fragilis | Anaerobic, Non-spore forming, Colon, Intra-abdominal infections |
| Haemophilus influenzae | endotoxin and capsule, Otitis media, Sinusitis, Bronchitis and pneumonia, Meningitis, and Epiglottitis |
| Legionella pneumophila | Facultative aerobe, intracellular parasite, Legionairre's disease, inhalation of water vapor, Atypical pneumonia |
| Bordetella pertussis | Whooping cough, Major toxin, Kills ciliated cells |
| Brucella | Undulant fever, Endotoxin |
| Francisella tularensis | Tularemia, ID 50 = 10, Rabbits, deer, rodents, Ulceration, Granulomas |
| Pasteurella multocida | Dog and cat bites, spreading cellulitis |
| Bartonella henselae | Facultative, intracellular gram - rod, Cat bites and scratches, Lymphadenopathy, Fever, Vascular Lesions (Kaposi's Sarcoma) |
| Yersinia pestis | Buboes, flea vomit, Septic shock, Vascular necrosis, Purulent pneumonia |
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae | Atypical pneumonia, bronchitis, gradual onset of cough |
| Chlamydophia psittaci | pneumonia, bird feces |
| Chlamydophila trachomatis | urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis (PID), prostatitis, proctitis, clear/watery discharge,lymphogranuloma venereum (genital lesions), trachoma (eye infection - leading cause of blindness), Intracellular (Cell lysis to release bacteria) |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Lower respiratory tract infection w/ headache, fever, and cough, Atypical pneumonia, necrosis of epithelium |
| Mycoplasma hominis | PID (infrequently) |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | non-gonococcal urethritis |
| Mycoplasma | No cell wall, cholesterol (from host cell) |
| pathogens | microorganisms that initiate and spread disease |
| colonization | ability of microorganism to remain at a particular site and multiply |
| infection | colonization of host, may lead to pathogenesis |
| virulence | the relative severity of pathogenesis |
Combine with other sets
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