AP US Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775
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kristinalmichaud on September 24, 2011
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AP US chapter 5 studyguide
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 melting pot | the mingling of diverse ethnic groups in America, including the idea that these groups are or should be "melting" into a single culture or people |
| sect | a small religious group that has broken away from some larger mainstream church, often claiming superior or exclusive possession of religious truth |
| agitators | those who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue |
| stratification | the visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of the other |
| mobility | the capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another |
| elite | the smaller group at the top of a society or institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges |
| almshouse | a home for poor, supported by charity or public funds |
| gentry | landowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not titled nobility |
| tenant farmer | one who rents rather than owns land |
| penal code | the body of criminal laws specifying offenses and prescribing punishments |
| veto | the executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law |
| apprentice | a person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession |
| speculation | buying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price |
| revival | in religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evagelical activity |
| secular | belonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly |
| the primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was... | the natural fertility of the population |
| German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in... | Pennsylvania |
| the Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in... | the frontier areas |
| compared with the seventeenth century, American colonial society in the eighteenth century showed... | greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor; however, there was also greater opportunity for convicts and indentured servants to climb to the top |
| the most honored professional in colonial America was the... | clergyman |
| the primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was... | agriculture |
| Indians and African Americans shared in the common American experience of... | creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethinc groups |
| an unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scale were... | convicts and paupers |
| the "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses, and slaves among the ports of... | New England, Africa, and the West Indies |
| the passage of British restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to... | find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries |
| besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of... | news and political opinion |
| the Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of... | its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities |
| the two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in various colonies were the... | Anglicans and Congregationalists |
| among the many important results of the Great Awakening was that it... | broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity |
| a primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was... | using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary |
| Dutch | corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania |
| Scots-Irish | ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies |
| Regulator Movement | rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson |
| Jayle Birds | popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities |
| Praying Towns | term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized |
| lawyer | a once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights |
| triangular trade | small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies |
| taverns | popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate |
| established church | term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics |
| Great Awakening | spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s |
| new lights | ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it |
| colleges | institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening |
| Zenger Trial | the case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel |
| council | the upper house of a colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor |
| Poor Richard's Almanack | Benjamin Franklin's hightly popular collection of information, parables, and advice |
| Philadelphia | leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin |
| African Americans | largest non-English group in the colonies |
| Scots-Irish | group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities |
| Paxton Boys and Regulators | Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina |
| Patrick Henry | eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights |
| Molasses Act | attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies |
| Anglican church | established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown |
| Johnathan Edwards | brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening |
| George Whitefield | itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies |
| Phillis Wheatly | former slave who became a poet at an early age |
| Benjamin Franklin | author, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American" |
| John Peter Zenger | colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press |
| Quakers | dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, criticized by others for their attitudes towards Indians |
| Baptists | nonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening |
| John Singleton Copley | colonial painter who studied an worked in Britian |
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