History McGee: For Muslim Empires and Asia Test
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carhazard123 on September 24, 2011
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 harem | living quarters reserved for wives, concubines, female relatives, and servants in a Muslim household |
| sultan | Rulers who have almost complete sovereignty over a certain domain without claiming the title of caliph |
| grand vizier | the Ottoman sultan's chief minister, who led the meetings of the imperial council focused more on domestic policies |
| shari (?) | Muslim law based on the Qur'an and Muhammad's example |
| ulama | the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community: controlled more of the church aspect -given special privileges and hereditary compensation from taxation |
| Suleiman the Magnificent | -he was a sultan who focused on domestic and foreign policy - In 1520 he took power at age 26 -Known as the Magnificent in Europe because the conquests -Conquered Budapest in 1526, burned the city -In 1529 He attacked Vienna but was turned back -Took control of North Africa -In 1543 took control of Hungary -Expanded east into Persia and south into Mesopotamia -allied with the French against Hapsburg and Charles V -known as the lawgiver among his own people because he enforced laws |
| janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan. Families sometimes payed for their boy to be taken because it would mean that they got the highest education and would most likely be higher ranked in the empire when they grew up. |
| Busbeq | Hapsburg who wrote letters about his travels in the Muslim world-- was very impressed by the Janissaries |
| Geographic Boundaries for Ottoman Empire | North Africa, Hungary, Georgia,Turkey |
| Safi al-Din | Sufi mystic and first ruler of the Safavid dynasty. -claimed to be a descendant of Muhammad -converted to Shi'ite Islam -evoked a militant theology that advocated supremacy of Shi'ism through arms |
| Isfahan | Capital of the Safavid empire. |
| Shi'ism | the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs -took over much of Persian Muslim state -waged war over Sunni competitions in the west |
| Abbas I | (1587-1629) -aided by Europe in his conflict with Istanbul -established new capital of Isfahan (cultural high point of Persia) |
| Babur | brilliant general -established the Mughal Empire in India in 1530 |
| Akbar | (1556-1605) "The most distinguished states man Asia has ever produced" -expansion into most of the subcontinent in India -created a central government -reorganized bureaucracy -practiced religious and social toleration |
| Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death -returned the empire to stricter Islam |
| Ming dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia |
| Change of emperors of ming/qing dynasties | They became more powerful. gained more control |
| Bureaucracy change | Expanded during ming dynasty because the exams over confusian philosophy |
| Manchus | a member of a people native to Manchuria who ruled China during the Qing dynasty |
| Eunuchs | castrated males used within households of Chinese emperors, usually to guard his concubines; became a political counterbalance to powerful marital relatives during later Han rule. |
| Gentry | In China, the class of prosperous families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel. (166) |
| Oda nobunaga | Took over most of Japan by 1583 with his powerful army, using muskets and cannons. He banished the last Ashikaga and unified most of Japan. |
| Toyotomi hideyoshi | General under Nobanga; suceeded as leading military power in Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constucted a series of military alliances that made him the military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598. |
| Tokugawa ieyaso | completed the final unification of Japan Disarmed citizens |
| The period of warring states | A period of violence and social disorder |
| Daimyo | a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai |
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