Intro to Music Literature Test 1
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69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 meter | organization of beats according to accents |
| simple meter | beats are not grouped into larger pulses |
| compound meter | beats are separated into groups of 3; each group of 3 is one pulse |
| consonance | harmony that is at rest; no compelling need to move on |
| dissonance | harmony that needs resolution |
| resolution | movement from dissonance to consonance |
| motive | distinctive fragment of a melody |
| phrase | shortest melodic unit that ends with a cadence |
| theme | basic melody for a longer piece of music |
| period | a pair of related phrases |
| cadence | a momentary or final resting point in music |
| texture | the blend of sounds and melodies in a piece of music |
| monophony | consists of only one melody and nothing else |
| homophony | one main melody; the other melodies accompany |
| polyphony | two or more melodic lines sounding together; counterpoint |
| tonality | there is one most important pitch |
| modulation | movement from one tonal center to another |
| 4 choirs of the orchestra | string, woodwind, brass, percussion |
| strings | violin, viola, cello, contra bass |
| woodwind | flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon |
| brass | french horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba |
| percussion | timpani, mallet |
| Middle Ages | 400-1400 |
| chant | gregorian chant; plainchant; plainsong |
| features of chant | monophonic, no definite time signature, dynamics followed contour of music, phrases distinguished by pauses, Latin |
| troubadours | poets/composers/performers from southern France |
| trouveres | poets/composers/performers from northern France |
| music sung by troubadours/trouveres | chanson |
| features of chansons | monophonic, metered, rhythm dictated by French text, strophic, courtly love |
| organum | medieval polyphonic sacred music; old melody combined with new melody |
| organum composers | Leonin; Perotin |
| organization of organum | stretched out the chant into very long notes (bottom); new melody moved along very rhythmically (top) |
| motet | medieval polyphonic secular music; chant voice on bottom moving in regular rhythm, two french secular voices on top moving faster |
| Mauchaut | motet composer |
| renaissance | rebirth of classical Greek values and ideas; 1400-1600 |
| Guillaume Dufay | established renaissance musical language |
| movements of the renaissance mass | kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, angus dei |
| Josquin des Prez | imitative polyphony |
| Palestrina | regulated music with a lot of rules |
| baroque | 1600-1750 |
| reasons for beginning baroque | reaction to complicated music of renaissance |
| opera | staged drama set to music |
| mythological plots | opera composers thought that ancient greek plays were sung, so they used greek subject matter in their plots |
| recitative | speech-like singing intended to advance the plot |
| aria | tuneful music intended to comment on the plot |
| basso continuo | bass line with accompanying harmonic notation |
| Monteverdi | Italian, one of the first opera composers, "The Coronation of Poppea" |
| Henry Purcell | British, "Dido and Aeneas" |
| concerto | a work for solo instrument and orchestra |
| concerto grosso | a work for a small group of soloists and orchestra |
| format of typical concerto/concerto grossos | fast; slow; fast |
| composer associated with concerto grossos | Vivaldi |
| composer associated with concertos | Bach |
| ritornello | ABACADA.... |
| fugue | a work of imitative polyphony in which each voice enters separately at the beginning with the main melody |
| church cantata | a 30-min work using choir, soloists, and orchestra that was performed on sundays in the lutheran church |
| chorale | an early lutheran hymn |
| adagio | slow |
| andante | on the slow side, but not too slow |
| moderato | moderate tempo |
| allegretto | on the fast side, but not too fast |
| allegro | fast |
| presto | very fast |
| largo | slow, very slow |
| larghetto | somewhat faster than largo |
| andantino | somewhat faster than andante |
| vivace | lively |
| molto allegro | faster than allegro |
| prestissimo | very fast indeed |
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