Social Psychology Chapter 4: Social Perception
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Social Perception | Study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people |
| Nonverbal Communication | Way in which people communicate, intentionally/unintentionally w/out words; nonverbal cues include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, touch, gaze |
| Affect Blend | Facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part registers a different emotion |
| Display Rules | Culturally determined rules about which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate to display |
| Emblems | Nonverbal |
| Implicit Personality Theory | Type of schema ppl use to group various kinds of personality traits 2gether: e.g. many ppl believe that someone who is kind is generous as well |
| Attribution Theory | Description of the way in which ppl explain the causes of their own and other ppl's behavior |
| Internal Attribution | Inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitude, character or personality |
| External Attribution | Inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situtation he/she is in; assumption is that most ppl would respond to the same way in that siutation |
| Covariation Model | To form an attribution about what caused person's behavior, systematically note the patter between presence or absence of possible causal factors and whether or not behavior occurs |
| Consensus | Information about the extent to which other people behave same way toward the same stimulus as actor does |
| Distinctiveness | Information about the extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way as different stimuli |
| Consistency | Information about the extent to which the behavior between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances |
| Correspondence Bias | Tendency to infer that people's behavior corresponds to (matches) their disposition (personality) |
| Perceptual Salience | Seeming importance of information that is the focus of people's attention |
| 2-Step process of attribution | Analyze another person's behavior first by: 1. Making an automatic internal attribution 2. Thinking about situational reasons for behavior, after which one may adjust the original attribution |
| Actor/Observer Difference | Tendency to see other people's behavior as dispositionally caused but focusing more on the role of situational factors when explaining one's own behavior |
| Self-Serving Attributions | Explanations for one's successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one's failures that blame external, situational factors. |
| Defensive Attributions | Explanations for behavior that avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality |
| Belief in a Just World | Form of defensive attribution where bad things happen to bad people, good things happen to good people. |
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