Chemistry H Chapter 3 Vocabulary
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lareina3880 on September 24, 2011
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical change | a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction |
| chemical property | the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances |
| chromatography | a technique that is used to seperate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material |
| compound | a chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and has properties different from those of its component elements |
| crystallization | a seperation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substances from a solution that contains the dissolved substance |
| distillation | a technique that can be used to physically seperate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances involved |
| element | a pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
| extensive property | a physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present |
| filtration | a technique that uses a porous barrier to seperate a solid from a liquid |
| gas | a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container's entire volume, and is easily compressed |
| heterogeneous mixture | one that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct |
| homogeneous mixture | one that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution |
| intensive property | a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present |
| law of conservation of mass | states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved |
| law of definite proportions | states that, regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
| law of multiple proportions | states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers |
| liquid | a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container |
| mixture | a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties; can be separated by physical means |
| percent by mass | a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
| periodic table | a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups or families) arranged by increasing atomic number |
| physical change | a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition |
| physical property | a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition--for example, density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point |
| solid | a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is incompressible, and expands only slightly when heated |
| solution | a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture |
| states of matter | the physical form in which all matter naturally exists on Earth--most commonly as a solid, a liquid, or a gas |
| substance | a form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition; also known as a pure substance |
| vapor | gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature |
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