Microbiology Test 1 (PPT 6)
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Electron Donor | Loses electron (oxidation) which is taken up by an electron acceptor (reduction) |
| Electron Acceptor | A substance that can accept electrons from an electron donor, becoming reduced in the process |
| Chemoheterotroph | - energy from organic compounds - carbon from organic compounds - all animals, many bacteria |
| Chemoautotroph | - energy from inorganic compounds - carbon from CO2 or other inorganic compounds |
| Photoautotroph | - energy from sunlight carbon from CO2 - Cyanobacteria, plants |
| Photoheterotroph | - energy from light - carbon from organic compounds |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | - Synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport! - Most efficient method of generating ATP - All animals, many bacteria! |
| Proton Motive Force | ..., The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis. |
| How does fermentation differ from respiration? | Respiration: the physical and chemical processes by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions. Fermentation: an enzymatically controlled anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound (as a carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and alcohol or to an organic acid). |
| Give two examples of end products of fermentation. | - Lactic acid - Alcohol - Other acids (ex: ace;c) - Acetone |
| Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. | Aerobic: • Uses pyruvate from glycolysis • Generates ATP • Terminal electron acceptor is oxygen Anaerobic: • Glycolysis into pyruvate • Modified Kreb's and ETS • No O2 necessary! • Terminal electron acceptor - Nitrogen, iron, sulfate! |
| NAD+ becomes reduced to NADH during glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle. What happens to these NADH molecules in an organism using aerobic respiration? how is this different from what happens in a fermentation pathway? | ... |
| What are the end products of glycolysis? | 2 Pyruvate molecules |
| What does the pentose phosphate pathway generate in a cell? | The building blocks for DNA, RNA, photosynthesis |
| Can glucose be metabolized via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway? Does this happen in eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells or both? | Yes it is an alternative to glycolysis and yields less ATP. Catabolizes glucose to pyruvate with different enzymes then EMP pathway. Only found in prokaryotes. Net yield: 1 ATP, 1 NADH, and 1 NADPH per Glucose |
| What molecule enters the Kreb's cycle? what end products are produced? | ... |
| What is the function of the electron transport chain? where would you find this system in a bacterial cell? in a yeast cell? in one of your cells? | ... |
| Protease | any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis |
| Lipase | an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream |
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