Chemistry Unit Vocab. Chapter 2 (Part 2)
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| Polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| Dehydration Synthesis | a chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together |
| Hydrolysis | a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. |
| Carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| monosaccharide | a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars |
| Disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharide | long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers |
| Cellulose | polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls |
| Chitin | complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods |
| Lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| Nucleic Acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| Nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Ribonucleic Acid | (RNA) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | (DNA) nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| Amino Acid | organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group |
| Chemical Reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| Product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| Activation Energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| Substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
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