| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Chomsky's attack on structuralist phonemics and linguistics in general | 1960s |
| publication of "The Sound Pattern of English" (SPE) by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle | 1968 |
| description of English phonology based on transformational-generative theory of language | Describe SPE |
| A system of rules that relate sound and meaning. | What is a grammar? |
| Relates grammatical structures to their phonetic representations. | What does the phonological component of a grammar do? |
| "insane" and "insanity" | Give two examples for morphophonemic alternations |
| assumed an underlying representation and corresponding surface forms (i.e., phonemes and (allo)phones). | What assumptions did SPE make? |
| Simply arrays of (binary) features. | What are phonemes/phones? |
| Through phonological rules. | Phonemes and allophones are related how? |
| 1) looking for regularities that help define a language's inventory of phonological elements 2) determine patterns in the distribution of the phonological elements' representations 3) investigate alterations in the shapes of morphemes and their varient pronunciation within a sentence | What are the general aims of generative phonology? |
| The joint product of the principles and parameters of Universal Grammar and the rules and representations that develop through the course of language acquisition. | What are discovered irregularities assumed to be? |
| free distribution (many minimal pairs) | feature specifications for voicing are in: |
| complementary distribution, they follow certain distributional regularities | feature specifications for aspiration (spread glottis) are in: |
| [-sprd gl] | all segments except for voiceless stops are: |
| syllable-initially (in stressed syllables) | [pH tH kH] only appear: |
| syllable-initially when the syllable is stressed | [p t k] do not appear |
| appears in complementary distribution | redundant feature |
| appears in free distribution | distinctive feature |
| /pH tH kH / | laryngeal features of stops [-vc, +sprd gl] |
| /p t k/ | laryngeal features of stops [-vc, -sprd gl] |
| /b d g/ | laryngeal features of stops [+vc, - sprd gl] |
| unpredictable from phonological context, distinguish words, morphemes, phonemes, (many morphemes differ in just one feature, e.g. place features labial, coronal, velar in English stops: pin, tin, kin, bun, done, gun), these features must be learned/memorized in the course of language development | distinctive features (2) |
| 1) For any given sound of a language these features are predictable by rule from the phonological environment 2) speaker learns the rule, not the feature as part of phoneme 3) often the system of persistent foreign accent | redundant features (2) |
| [-sonorant] > [+ voiced]/ [+voiced]_ | obstruent becomes voiced after voiced sound: |
| [-sonorant] > [+voiced]/ [+voiced] _ [+ voiced] | obstruent becomes voiced when between two voiced sounds |
| [-sonorant] > [+voiced]/ _ [+voiced] | obstruent becomes voiced before a voiced sound |
| [-sonorant] > [-voiced]/ _# | obstruent becomes voicless before a morpheme boundary |
| [-sonorant] > [+voiced]/ _##]VERB | obstruent becomes voiced when word-final in a verb |
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