| Term | Definition |
|---|
| red blood cells | seen in high power field, small size, moderately refactile, yellowish in color, anuclear, disk-shaped |
| white blood cells | neutorphils predominate, 1.5-2x lager than rbcs |
| epithelial cells | sloughed from urinary tract, flat, large, nucleated, may be in sheets or clumps, renal, transistional, sqamous, or neoplastic |
| casts | composed of primarily mucopotein, cylinder-shaped, come from renal tubules, number is not a reliable indicator of severity of disease |
| fatty cast | contain fat droplets, highly refractile |
| granular cast | hyaline casts containing granules which are degenerating epithelial cells, irregular/broken ends |
| hyaline cast | colorless, semi-transparent, rounded-ends, same refractive index as urine, use subduded light |
| waxy cast | grayish or colorless, highly refractile, appear very solid, broken off square ends |
| red blood cell cast | contain red blood cells, rare in cats and dogs |
| white blood cell cast | suppurative process in kidneys (condition with pussy discharge) contain white blood cells, easy to identify |
| epithelial cell cast | contain renal epithelial cells, hard to distinguish form white blood cell casts |
| bacteria | rods or cocci in chains, reported as hpf, occasional, few, moderate, many, or tntc, false positive due to contaminated sedi stain |
| yeast and fungi | usually contaminants, colorless, refractile, variable in shape and budding, have distinct hyphae |
| parasites | dioctophyma renale, capillaria plica, capillaria felie cati, and possible dirofilaria immitis |
| spermatozoa | normal finding in intact males, easily identified by shape, can be found in bladder due to retrodrade motility, can be found in female urine post breeding |
| lipiduria | very common in cat urine, fat droplets, float to underside of cover slip, no known significance |
| crystals | urine sg, urine ph, temperature |
| amorphous phosphates | normal in alkaline urine, granules or sand-like apperance, colorless, occasionally clumped |
| ammonium urates | normal findings in acid urine, appear as granules or sand-like, yellowish, occasionally clumped |
| calcium oxalate | acid, neutral or alkaline urine, colorless, monohydrate=picket fence, seen in ethylene glycol toxicity |
| calcium carbonate | alkaline urine, colorless, spherical, dumbell or oval, common in horses, rabbits, and guinea pigs |
| triple phosphate | acidic, alkaline, or neutral urine, colorless prisims, coffin-lid shape, can be feathery or leaf-like |
| artifacts | cotton fibers, hairs, plant material, plant spores, glove powder |
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