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things plants need to grow sun light, water , minerals, carbon dioxide and space cells are in stems and branches, trunks, and roots cells form flowers, fruit, vegetables and tissue what do plants have in common with animals? water, carbon dioxide, air, soil/dirt and water non vascular plants hornwort, liverwort and mosses vascular plants seedless (ferns, horsetails) and seeds (fig, tomato) animal kingdom move, walk, trot, jump , hop , spin, does not make own food plant kingdome makes food, cannot move, cell wall fungus yeast to bread, mushrooms to eat, mold to blue cheese, smuts, ruts, mildews, animal cells no cell walls, no chlorophyll plant cells minerals, chlorophyll, CO2, chloroplasts and need water plant and animal cells nucleus, cell membrane and vascular animals bones and blood plants cell walls and chlorophyll (use sun's energy to make food) plants and animals water and carbon dioxide what is bacteria? the tiniest little things that cause trouble what is a protist? they live in water and every cell is covered by a membrane what is a fungus they can cause problems to people and animals but they can also help us; can be one celled or many celled what is kudzu a vine that covers trees, houses and almost everything what helps plants stay strong? cell walls vascular means: composed of or containing vessels (like veins and arteries in your bodies) xylem tissue through which water, and minerals flow through the plant cortex a layer inside the epidermis of roots and stems. it stores food epidermis the outermost layer of a root, stem or a leaf root cap is a thing covering made up of cells, it protects the root tip as it grows into the soil root hairs threadlike parts of cells on the surface of a root cambium a layer of cells that separates the the xylem from the phloem phloem tissue through which food from the leaves moves down through a plant transpiration loss of water from a plant through its leaves what do all plants have? stem, leaves, buds, roots, root hairs, chlorophyll roots draw up water from the water and minerals from the soil and also stores food for plants root plants (examples) potatoes, beets, radishes, sweet potato, carrots, turnups and other plants you find in the grounds taproot one large root with a few hairy branching roots- grow deep into the ground and reach water deep down fibrous roots can make huge networks; spread out near the soil's surface; thin and hairy aerial roots that never touch the grounds ; plants like orchids ( take moisture from the air because their roots never touch the ground) proproots corn plants have them; look like fingers sticking out (they help prop up the plant) page 21 how are stems similar? All stems support leaves 2. stems also hold the transportation system for plants (where water and minerals move from the roots to all parts of the plant) simple leaves Leaves with a single blade (maple and oak) compound leaves leaves that come in clusters (chesnut and locust) outer layer of leaves covered with a waxy coating called a cuticle. you can touch this layer what does a leaf do for a plant? making food for storage; regulate water loss; and helps support a plant what makes orchid different? some dangle in the air, some wrap around a tree branch, some green make food absorb the water and minerals- some roots are very flat and long stomata the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move photosynthesis food making process for plants; means putting together by light. steps of photosynthesis 1. sunlight strikes a green part of the plant (like a leaf) 2. chlorophyll helps make the plant's food. chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts that act like tiny factories 3. inside them water and carbon dioxide from the air combine to make sugar and oxygen. The sugars help the leaf to make them go into the leaf's veins and off to parts of the plant 4. the oxygen the plant makes goes out into the air. all animals need this to breathe. animals breathe out carbon dioxide that help plants survive respiration the energy released when the sugars break apart how do leaves change color? when the temperature begins to drop, the leaves stop making chlorophyll. Yellow and orange appears... red later where is the biggest variety of colors of leaves? more north