Biology #1
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biology | the scientific study of life |
| biosphere | all of the environments on Earth that support life, 1 |
| ecosystem | all of the organisms living in a particular area (air, soil, water, sunlight), 2 |
| community | entire array of organisms in an ecosystem, 3 |
| population | all the individuals of a particular species living in n area, 4 |
| organism | an individual living thing, 5 |
| organ system | several organs that preform a specific function, 6 |
| organ | made of several different tissues, 7 |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that preform a specific function, 8 |
| cell | the fundamental unit of life, 9 |
| organelle | a membrane-enclosed structure that preforms a specific function in a cell, 10 |
| molecule | a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds, 11 |
| emergent properties | result from the specific arrangement and interactions of its parts |
| prokaryotic cell | first to evolve and were sole inhabitants for 1.5 billion years (simpler, smaller, bacteria) |
| eukaryotic cell | evolved 2.1 billion yrs ago (plants, animals, fungi, protists) |
| systems biology | construct models for the dynamic behavior of whole systems based on studying the interactions among the parts |
| gene | unit of inheritance that transmits information from parents to offspring |
| domain | higher levels: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
| bacteria | single celled: microscopic |
| archaea | single celled: microscopic |
| eukarya | contain a nucleus and organelles |
| evolution | species living today are descendants of ancestral species |
| natural selection | individuals with heritable traits best suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than are less well-suited individuals |
| inductive reasoning | collecting and analyzing observations can lead to conclusions based on this type of logic |
| hypothesis | a proposed explanation for a set of observations1 |
| deductive reasoning | logic flows from general premises to the specific results we should expect if the premises are true |
| controlled experiment | designed to compare an experimental group with a control group |
| technology | apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose |
| theory | much broader scope than hypothesis: generates new hypothesis that can be tested |
| order | 1, living cells are the basis for this complex organization |
| reproduction | 2, organisms reproduce their own kind |
| growth and development | 3, inherited information in the form of DNA controls the pattern of this in all organisms |
| energy processing | 4, helps to power its own activities and chemical reactions |
| response to environment | 5, all organisms respond to environmental stimuli |
| regulation | 6, types of mechanisms regulate an organism's internal environment, keeping it within limits that sustain life |
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