Functional Anatomy chap 6 pt 2
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Created by:
cristopher58 on September 26, 2011
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Facial bones | The paired bones of the face are the maxillae, palatine bones, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, and inferior nasal conchae. The singal bones are the vomar and mandible. |
| Maxillae | This facial bone forms the upper jaw. -Each maxillae is formed seperately but they are joined at the midline in embryonic stage. -The maxillae articulate with all of the other facial bones except the mandible. |
| Maxillary sinus | They are large sinus and are present in each maxilla just below the orbitals. |
| Palatine bones | Are bones fused at the midline to form the posterior portion of the hard palate.. Each bone has a lateral portion that projects upward to form part of the wall of nasal cavity. |
| Zygomatic bones | These bones are the cheek bones. -The temporal process extends to unite with the zygomatic process, to form the zygomatic arch. |
| Lacrimal bones | Are small, thin bones that form part of the medial surfaces of the eye orbits. -Each lacrimal bone is located between the ethmoid and maxilla. |
| Nasal bones | Are thin bones fused at the midline to form the bridge of the nose. |
| Vomer bone | Is a thin, flat bone located on the midline of the nasal cavity. -It joins posteriorly with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and these two bones form the nasal septum. |
| Inferior nasal conchae | Are the scrol like bones attached to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity inferior to the medial nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone. |
| Mandible | IS the lower jawbone, and it is the only movable bone in the skull. |
| Hyoid bone | Is a small, u-shaped bone located in the anterior portion of the neck, inferior to the mandible. -It does not articulate with any bone. -Muscles of the tongue are attached to the hyoid. |
| Fontanels | Are nonossified areas also called soft spots. |
| Vertebral column | Extends from the skull to the pelvis and forms somewhat flexible, but sturdy longitudinal support for the trunk. -It is formed of 24 movable vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx. |
| Intervertabral disks | These disks separate the vertebrae and serve as shock absorbers and allow bending of the spinal column. |
| Four curvatures | The cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic curvatures. From top to bottom. |
| Vertebrae | They are divided into three groups; Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar. |
| Neural arch | Is bony and surrounds the large vertebral foramen. |
| Vertebral foramen | Is the foramen which through the spinal cord passes. |
| Intervertebral foramina | They occur between adjacent vertebrae and serve as lateral passageways for spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord. |
| Cervical vertebrae | Are vertebrae that support the neck that have transverse foramen which serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves. |
| Atlas | Is the first cervical vertebrae. |
| Axis | Is the 2nd cervical vertebrae. |
| Thoracic vertebrae | there are 12 vertebrae and are larger than the cervical, and their spinous process are longer and slope downward. -Their ribs articulate with the transverse process and bodies of thoracic vertebrae. |
| Lunbar vertebrae | The spinous processes are blunt and they provide a large surface area for the attachment of heavy back muscles. |
| Sacrum | Is composed of 5 fused vertebrae. It articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebrae and forms the posterior wall of the pelvic girdle. |
| Coccyx | The most inferior part of the vertebral column which is formed of 3 to 5 fused, rudimentary vertebrae. Also known as the tailbone. |
| Thoracic cage | The thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages, and sternum form the thoracic or rib cage. -It provides protection for the internal organs of the thorax and supports the upper trunk, shoulder girdle, and upper extremities. |
| ribs | -True ribs (#1-7) or upper ribs are attached to the sternum by the costal cartilages, which extend medially from the ends of the ribs. -The False ribs (#8-10) are attached by cartilages to the costal cartilages of the ribs superior to them. -The floating ribs (#11-12) lack cartilage and are not attached anteriorly. |
| Sternum | Or breathstone, is a flat, elongated bone located at the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage. -It consists of 3 bones; The manubrium, body, and the xiphoid process. |
| The 3 bones of sternum | 1. Manubrium is the t-shaped upper portion that articulates with the first two pairs of ribs. 2. The body is the larger middle segent 3. The xiphoid process is the small inferior portion. |
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