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Asthma panting; obstructive pulmonary caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough Atelectasis collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) Bronchiectasis abnormal dialation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus bronchitis inflammation of the bronchi bronchogenic carcinoma lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi bronchospasm constriction of the bronchi caused by spasm (involuntary contraction) of the peribronchial smooth muscle emphysema obstructive pulmonary disease characerized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema cystic fibrosis inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways lead to infection, inflammation, and damage of lung tissue. laryngitis inflammation of the larynx laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB), croup inflammation of the upper airways with swelling; creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough (two terms) laryngospasm spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction. nasal polyposis presence of numerous polyps in the nose (a polyp is a tumor on a stalk) pharyngitis inflammation of the pharynx pleural effusion accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity empyema, pyothorax accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity (two terms) hemothorax accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity. pleuritis, pleurisy inflammation of the pleura (two terms) pneumoconiosis chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos, or silicone. pneumonia inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals. pneumocystis pneumona pneumonia caused by the pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pneumothorax air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall. pneumohemothorax air and blood in the pleural cavity pneumonitis inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts. pulmonary embolism occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot. pulmonary tuberculosis disease caused by presence of myobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs; characterized by formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions (caseous necrosis) sinusitis inflammation of the sinuses sleep apnea periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring. tonsillitis acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils upper respiratory infection infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi.