Chemistry Chapter 4
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Solution | homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances |
| the ____ is dissolved in the ____ | solute, solvent |
| Dissociation | Ionic substance dissolves in water, the solvent pulls the individual ions from the solid |
| Electrolytes | ionic substances dissolved in water and conducts electricity |
| A non-electrolyte does____ | not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and does not conduct electricity |
| A strong electrolyte___ | dissociates almost completely |
| A weak electrolyte____ | dissociates impartially |
| strong acids and strong bases make ___ | strong electrolytes |
| soluble ionic compounds are also called | salts |
| salts are ___ | strong electrolytes |
| compounds containing NO₃⁻ | soluble |
| compounds containing C₂H₃O₂⁻ | soluble |
| compounds containing Cl⁻ | soluble except compounds of Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺ |
| compounds containing Br⁻ | soluble except compounds of Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺ |
| compounds containing I⁻ | soluble except compounds of Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺ |
| compounds containing SO₄²⁻ | soluble except compounds of Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺ |
| compounds containing S²⁻ | insoluble except compounds of NH⁴⁺, the alkali metal cations, and Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺ |
| compounds containing CO₃²⁻ | insoluble except compounds of NH⁴⁺, and the alkali metal cations |
| compounds containing PO₄³⁻ | insoluble except compounds of NH⁴⁺, and the alkali metal cations |
| compounds containing OH⁻ | insoluble except compounds of the alkali metal cations, and NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺ |
| the seven strong acids | HCl, HBr, HI, HClO₃, HClO₄, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ |
| the 8 strong bases | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂ |
| complete equation | molecular equation |
| complete ionic equation | the strong electrolytes are written as ions |
| if every ion in a complete ionic equation is a spectator, | then no reaction occurs |
| Arrhenius defined acids as | substances that increase the concentration of H⁺ when dissolved in water |
| Bronsted and Lowry defined acids as | proton donors |
| Arrhenius defined bases as | substances that increase the concentration of OH⁻ when dissolved in water |
| Bronsted and Lowery defined bases as | proton acceptors |
| is water a good conductor? | no |
| when molecular compounds dissolve in water, only a limited number of ions are formed, and does not conduct electricty, except | NH₃(g) reacts with water to form NH₄⁺ and OH⁻ and HCl(g) forms H⁺(aq) and Cl⁻(aq) |
| weak acids use a ___ arrow | double |
| a substance with a solubility of less than 0.01 mol/L is regarded as being | insoluble |
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