Nervous System
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nervous system, endocrine system | 2 major communication systems within the body |
| Neurons | Conduct electrical impulses to relay info Cant reproduce Extremely high metabolic rate |
| Neuroglia | Do NOT conduct electrical impulses Capable of mitosis (can reproduce) Protect and support neurons |
| Cell body | contains nucleus (soma) |
| Perikaryon | is the cytoplasm around the nucleus Contains mitochondria, ER, and Nissel bodies Lack centrioles |
| Nissel Bodies | Clusters of free ribsomose which stain dark gray (in perikaryon) |
| Dendrites | extensions of cell bodies **where sensory info is received |
| Axon | Singular long extension of cell body Capable of electrical impulses (action potential) |
| Neurofibrils | (part of cytoskeleton) Gives axon its shape and allows transport of substances to the rest of the neuron |
| Axoplasm | Cytoplasm of axon |
| Axolemma | Cell membrane of axon |
| Axon hillock | enlarged region of axon near cell body; where most action potentials begin "Segway" btwn axon and cell body |
| Telodendria | branches near the end of the axon; synaptic knobs are at the end |
| Synaptic vesicles | Within each synaptic knob are _____________ that contain neurotransmitters |
| Myelin Sheath | phospholipid layer around most axons; increase speed of transduction (insulation) |
| Nodes of Ranvier | gaps in the btwn sections of myelin |
| axoplasmic transport | A transport where materials can be moved back and forth from the cell body to the synaptic knobs |
| Anterograde flow | materials leave cell body and move toward the synaptic knob |
| Retrograde flow | materials leave the synaptic knobs and move toward the cell body |
| Anaxonic | Neuron classification Cant distinguish dendrites from axon Poorly understood |
| Bipolar | Neuron classification 2 processes; one forms a dendrite the other forms an axon Rare-involved in special senses |
| Unipolar | Neuron Classification 1 process extending from cell body; splits into a dendrite and an axon **Most common sensory type |
| Multipolar | Neuron classification **Most common Many dendrites and one axon extend from cell body |
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