AN SC 431 Sept 26
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 four main types of follicles | 1. primordial 2. primary 3. secondary 4. antral/graafian |
| most common fate of a follicle | atresia |
| appearance of follicles: 1. primordial 2. primary 3. secondary 4. antral/graafian | 1. single squamous cell layer → flattened; little cytoplasm 2. single cuboidal cell layer 3. 2 cuboidal cell layers 4. contain fluid; many layers of cuboidal cells |
| follicular fluid is derived from...? | blood plasma |
| characteristics of atretic follicles (4) | 1. development of pycnotic nuclei → inside of the oocyte's nucleus gets "clumpy" 2. ↓ estradiol production 3. loss of gonadotropin receptors 4. changes in oocyte |
| changes in the oocyte of an atretic follicle (4) | 1. size → oocyte shrinks 2. pseudocleavage → divisions that resemble divisions of an early embryo erroneously occur in the ovary 3. germinal vesicle breakdown → supposed to occur as part of the process of fertilization 4. degenerating zona pellucida |
| how long does it take for a follicle to develop? 1. sheep 2. cattle | 1. 153 μM to 5000 μM in ~45 days 2. 130 μM to 8560 μM in 42.5 days |
| how to study development of small follicles (2) | 1. radioactive labeling with thymidine 2. block cells in metaphase to establish mitotic index |
| factors affecting development of follicles | gonadotropins are not required for growth of prenatral follicles, but gonadotropins (especially FSH) will enhance their development |
| stages of follicular development (3) | 1. Recruitment → signal goes to the ovary that says "I need X number of follicles to start the process of development" 2. Selection → as follicles develop, one gets a little bit ahead of the rest 3. Dominance → the dominant follicle causes the rest of the follicles in the group to become atretic & die off |
| waves of follicular development: cattle | in cattle, 2 or 3 dominant follicles can form during each estrous cycle → each dominant follicle that forms is described as belonging to a wave |
| hormonal requirements for recruitment, selection, & dominance (4) | 1. both LH & FSH are needed for the recruitment & selection of follicles 2. one follicle becomes dominant → secretes increasing amounts of inhibin & estradiol resulting in ↓ FSH 3. decreasing FSH causes other follicles within the cohort to become atretic 4. demise of CL (& thus very low P4) allows ovulation |
| #1 determinant of whether a dominant follicle will become atretic or ovulate | levels of progesterone: low P4 = ovulation, high P4 = atresia |
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