| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Levator ani Action | supports and maintains positions of pelvic viscera; forms sphincters, lifts anal canal during defecation. |
| Levator ani Innervation | S4 and inferior rectal nerve |
| Levator ani Blood Supply | Inferior gluteal artery |
| Levator ani Origin | Extensive linear origin inside pelvis from pubis to ischial spine. |
| Levator ani Insertion | Inner surface of coccyx, levator ani of opposite side, and into penetrating structures. |
| Coccygeus Action | Supports pelvic viscera; supports coccyx and pulls it forward after it has been reflected posteriorly by defecation and childbirth. |
| Coccygeus Innervation | S4 and S5 |
| Coccygeus Blood Supply | Inferior gluteal artery |
| Coccygeus Origin | Spine of ischium. |
| Coccygeus Insertion | Sacrum and coccyx. |
| Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle Action | Supports pelvic organs; steadies central tendon. |
| Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle Innervation | Pudendal nerve |
| Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle Blood Supply | Internal pudendal artery |
| Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle Origin | Ischial rami |
| Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle Insertion | Midline central tendon of perineum; some fibers into vaginal walls in females. |
| External Urethral Sphincter Action | Constricts urethra; helps support pelvic organs. |
| External Urethral Sphincter Innervation | Pudendal nerve |
| External Urethral Sphincter Blood Supply | Internal pudendal artery |
| External Urethral Sphincter Origin | Ischiopubic rami |
| External Urethral Sphincter Insertion | Midline raphe |
| Ischiocavernosus Action | Retards venous drainage and maintains erection of penis or clitoris. |
| Ischiocavernosus Innervation | Pudendal nerve |
| Ischiocavernosus Blood Supply | Perineal artery |
| Ischiocavernosus Origin | Ischial tuberosities |
| Ischiocavernosus Insertion | Crus of corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris. |
| Bulbospongiosus Action | Empties male urethra; assists in erection of penis and clitoris. |
| Bulbospongiosus Innervation | Pudendal nerve |
| Bulbospongiosus Blood Supply | Perineal artery |
| Bulbospongiosus Origin | Central tendon of perineum and midline raphe of penis. |
| Bulbospongiosus Insertion | Anterirly into corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris. |
| Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles Action | Stabilizes and strengthens midline tendon of perineum. |
| Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles Innervation | Pudendal nerve |
| Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles Blood Supply | Perineal artery |
| Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles Origin | Ischial tuberosity |
| Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles Insertion | Central tendon of perineum. |
| Iliacus Action | Prime mover for flexing thigh or for flexing trunk on thigh during a bow. |
| Iliacus Innervation | Femoral nerve ( L2 and L3) |
| Iliacus Blood Supply | Iliolumbar artery |
| Iliacus Origin | Iliac fossa and crest; lateral sacrum. |
| Iliacus Insertion | Femur and immediately below lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon. |
| Psoas Major Action | Flexes thigh, also effects lateral flexion of vertebral column; important postural muscle. |
| Psoas Major Innervation | Ventral rami (L1-L3) |
| Psoas Major Blood Supply | Subcostal and lumbar arteries |
| Psoas Major Origin | By fleshy slips from transverse processes, bodies and discs of lumbar vertabrae and T12. |
| Psoas Major Insertion | Lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon. |
| Sartorius Action | Flexes, absucts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee. |
| Sartorius Innervation | Femoral nerve |
| Sartorius Blood Supply | Lateral femoral circumflex artery and saphenous artery. |
| Sartorius Origin | Anterior superior iliac spine |
| Sartorius Insertion | Winds around medial aspect of proximal tibia. |
| Adductor Magnus Action | Anterior part adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh; posterior part is a synergist of hamstrings in thigh extension. |
| Adductor Magnus Innervation | Obturator nerve and sciatic nerve (L2-L4) |
| Adductor Magnus Blood Supply | Obturator artery, deep femoral artery, and circumflex artery. |
| Adductor Magnus Origin | Ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity. |
| Adductor Magnus Insertion | Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur. |
| Adductor Longus Action | Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh. |
| Adductor Longus Innervation | Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
| Adductor Longus Blood Supply | Obturator artery, deep femoral artery |
| Adductor Longus Origin | Pubis near pubic symphysis |
| Adductor Longus Insertion | Linea Aspera |
| Adductor Brevis Action | Adducts and medially rotates thigh |
| Adductor Brevis Innervation | Obturator nerve |
| Adductor Brevis Blood Supply | Obturator artery, deep femoral artery |
| Adductor Brevis Origin | Body and inferior ramus of pubis |
| Adductor Brevis Insertion | Linea aspera above adductor longus. |
| Pectineus Action | Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh. |
| Pectineus Innervation | Femoral and sometimes obturator nerve |
| Pectineus Blood Supply | medial femoral circumflex artery |
| Pectineus Origin | Pectineal line of pubis and superior ramus. |
| Pectineus Insertion | Inferior from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera of posterior aspect of femur. |
| Gracilis Action | Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates thigh; flexes knee |
| Gracilis Innervation | obturator nerve |
| Gracilis Blood Supply | Obturator artery |
| Gracilis Origin | Inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus. |
| Gracilis Insertion | Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle |
| Quadriceps Femoris Action | Extends knee; rectus femoris flexes the thigh |
| Quadriceps Femoris Innervation | Femoral nerve |
| Quadriceps Femoris Blood Supply | Lateral circumflex femoral artery and deep femoral artery. |
| Quadriceps Femoris Origin | Anterior surface of femur and anterior side of medial and lateral intermuscular septa |
| Quadriceps Femoris Insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. |
| Rectus Femoris Action | Extends knee; and flexes thigh at hip |
| Rectus Femoris Innervation | Femoral nerve Femoral nerve (L2-L4) |
| Rectus Femoris Blood Supply | Lateral circumflex femoral artery |
| Rectus Femoris Origin | Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum |
| Rectus Femoris Insertion | Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Vastus Lateralis Action | Extends and stabilizes knee |
| Vastus Lateralis Innervation | Femoral nerve |
| Vastus Lateralis Blood Supply | Lateral femoral circumflex artery; perforation branches of deep femoral artery |
| Vastus Lateralis Origin | Greater trochanter, interochanteric line, linea aspera |
| Vastus Lateralis Insertion | Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Vastus Medialis Action | Extends knee; Inferior fibers stabilize patella |
| Vastus Medialis Innervation | Femoral nerve |
| Vastus Medialis Blood Supply | Lateral femoral circumflex artery |
| Vastus Medialis Origin | Linea aspera, interochanteric line |
| Vastus Medialis Insertion | Patella and tibial tuberosity |
| Vastus Intermedius Action | Extends knee |
| Vastus Intermedius Innervation | Femoral nerve |
| Vastus Intermedius Blood Supply | Lateral femoral circumflex artery |
| Vastus Intermedius Origin | Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft |
| Vastus Intermedius Insertion | Patella and tibial tuberosity |
| Tensor Fascial Latae Action | Flexes and abducts thigh; rotates thigh medially; steadies knee and trunk on thigh by making iliotibial tract taut |
| Tensor Fascial Latae Innervation | Superior gluteal nerve (L4 and L5) |
| Tensor Fascial Latae Blood Supply | Superior gluteal artery |
| Tensor Fascial Latae Origin | Anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine |
| Tensor Fascial Latae Insertion | Iliotibial tract |
| Gluteus Maximus Action | Major extensor of thigh; laterally rotates and abducts thigh |
| Gluteus Maximus Innervation | Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2) |
| Gluteus Maximus Blood Supply | Superior and inferior Gluteal arteries |
| Gluteus Maximus Origin | Posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx. |
| Gluteus Maximus Insertion | Gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract |
| Gluteus Medius Action | Abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis |
| Gluteus Medius Innervation | superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1) |
| Gluteus Medius Blood Supply | Superior gluteal artery |
| Gluteus Medius Origin | Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium |
| Gluteus Medius Insertion | By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur |
| Gluteus Minimus Action | Abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis |
| Gluteus Minimus Innervation | Superior gluteal nerve |
| Gluteus Minimus Blood Supply | Superior gluteal artery |
| Gluteus Minimus Origin | Between anterior and inferior gluteal lines on external surface of ilium |
| Gluteus Minimus Insertion | Anterior border of greater trochanter of femur |
| Piriformis Action | Rotates extended thigh laterally; assists in abduction of thigh; stabilizes hip joint |
| Piriformis Innervation | S1, S2 and L5 |
| Piriformis Origin | Anterolateral surface of sacrum (opposite greater sciatic notch) |
| Piriformis Insertion | Superior border of greater trochanter of femur |
| Obturator Externus Action | Rotates extended thigh laterally; assists in abduction of thigh; stabilizes hip joint |
| Obturator Externus Innervation | Obturator nerve |
| Obturator Externus Blood Supply | Obturator artery |
| Obturator Externus Origin | Outer surfaces of obturator membrane, pubis and ischium, margins of obturator foramen |
| Obturator Externus Insertion | By a tendon into trochanteric fossa of posterior femur |
| Obturator Internus Action | Rotates extended thigh laterally; assists in abduction of thigh, stabilizes hip joint |
| Obturator Internus Innervation | L5 and S1 |
| Obturator Internus Blood Supply | Obturator artery |
| Obturator Internus Origin | Inner surface of obturator membrane, greater sciatic notch, and margins of obturator foramen |
| Obturator Internus Insertion | Greater tochanter in front of piriformis. |
| Gemellus Action | Rotates extended thigh laterally; assists in abduction of thigh, stabilizes hip joint |
| Gemellus Innervation | L5 and S1 |
| Gemellus Blood Supply | Inferior gluteal artery |
| Gemellus Origin | Ischial spine (superior) Ischial tuberosity (inferior) |
| Gemellus Insertion | Greater trochanter of femur |
| Quadratus Femoris Action | Rotates thigh laterally, stabilizes hip joint |
| Quadratus Femoris Innervation | L5 and S1 |
| Quadratus Femoris Blood Supply | Inferior gluteal artery |
| Quadratus Femoris Origin | Ischial tuberosity |
| Biceps Femoris (Hamstring) Action | Extends thigh and flexes knee; laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is flexed |
| Biceps Femoris (Hamstring) Innervation | Sciatic nerve, tibial nerve to long head, common fibular nerve to short head (L5-S2) |
| Biceps Femoris (Hamstring) Blood Supply | Perforating branches of deep femoral artery |
| Biceps Femoris (Hamstring) Origin | Ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera and distal femur (short head) |
| Biceps Femoris (Hamstring) Insertion | Common tendon passes down and laterlly to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of fibula. |
| Semitendinosus (Hamstring) Action | Extends thigh at hip; flexes knee, and medially rotates leg |
| Semitendinosus (Hamstring) Innervation | Sciatic nerve- tibial nerve portion (L5-S2) |
| Semitendinosus (Hamstring) Blood Supply | Perforating branches of deep femoral artery |
| Semitendinosus (Hamstring) Origin | Ischial tuberosity in common with long head of biceps femoris |
| Semitendinosus (Hamstring) Insertion | Medial aspect of upper tibial shaft |
| Semimembranosus (Hamstring) Action | Extends thigh and flexes knee; medially rotates leg |
| Semimembranosus (Hamstring) Innervation | Sciatic nerve- tibial nerve portion (L5-S2) |
| Semimembranosus (Hamstring) Blood Supply | Perforating branches of deep femoral artery |
| Semimembranosus (Hamstring) Origin | Ischial tuberosity |
| Semimembranosus (Hamstring) Insertion | Medial condyle of tibia; via oblique popliteal ligament to lateral condyle of femur. |
| Tibialis Anterior Action | Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch of foot. |
| Tibialis Anterior Innervation | Deep fibular nerve (L4 and L5) |
| Tibialis Anterior Blood Supply | Anterior tibial artery |
| Tibialis Anterior Origin | Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane |
| Tibialis Anterior Insertion | by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus Action | Prime mover of toe extension; dorsiflexes foot |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus Innervation | Deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1) |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus Blood Supply | Anterior tibial artery |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin | Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of fibula, interosseous membrane |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus Insertion | Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 via extensor expansion |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Action | Dorsiflexes and everts foot |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Innervation | Deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1) |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Blood Supply | Anterior tibial artery |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Origin | Distal anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Insertion | Tendon inserts on dorsum of 5th metatarsal |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Action | Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Innervation | Deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1) |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Blood Supply | Anterior tibial artery |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin | Anteromedial fibula shaft and interosseous membrane |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Insertion | Tendon inserts on distal phalanx of hallux |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Action | Plantar flexes and everts foot |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Innervation | Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2) |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Blood Supply | Fibular (peroneal) artery |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Origin | Upper portion of lateral fibula |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Insertion | By long tendon that curves under foot to 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Action | Plantar flexes and everts foot |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Innervation | Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2) |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Blood Supply | Fibular (peroneal) artery |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Origin | Distal fibula shaft |
| Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Insertion | By tendon running behind lateral malleolous to insert on proximal end of 5th metatarsal |
| Gastrocnemius (Triceps Surae) Action | Plantar flexes foot when knee is extended, can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed |
| Gastrocnemius (Triceps Surae) Innervation | Tibial nerve |
| Gastrocnemius (Triceps Surae) Blood Supply | Sural artery (from popliteal); posterior tibial artery |
| Gastrocnemius (Triceps Surae) Origin | By two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur |
| Gastrocnemius (Triceps Surae) Insertion | Posterior calcaneous via calcaneal tendon |
| Soleus (Triceps Surae) Action | Plantar flexes foot; important locomotor and postural muscle |
| Soleus (Triceps Surae) Innervation | Tibial nerve |
| Soleus (Triceps Surae) Blood Supply | Posterior Tibial artery |
| Soleus (Triceps Surae) Origin | Extensive origin from superior tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane |
| Soleus (Triceps Surae) Insertion | Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
| Plantaris(Triceps Surae) Action | Assists in knee flexion and plantar flexion of foot |
| Plantaris(Triceps Surae) Innervation | Tibial nerve |
| Plantaris(Triceps Surae) Blood Supply | Popliteal artery |
| Plantaris(Triceps Surae) Origin | Posterior femur above lateral condyle |
| Plantaris(Triceps Surae) Insertion | Via a long, thin tendon into cancaneous or its tendon |
| Popliteus Action | Flexes and rotates leg medially to unlock extended knee; with tibia fixed, rotates thigh laterally |
| Popliteus Innervation | Tibial nerve (S2 and S3) |
| Popliteus Blood Supply | Popliteal artery |
| Popliteus Origin | Lateral condyle of femura nd lateral meniscus |
| Popliteus Insertion | Proximal tibia |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Action | Plantar flexes and inverts foot, flexes toes; helps foot "grip" ground |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Innervation | Tibial nerve (S2 and S3) |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Blood Supply | Tibial artery |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin | Extensive origin on the posterior tibia |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion | Tendon runs under foot to distal phalanx of great toe |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Action | Plantar flexes and inverts foot ; flexes great toe at all joints, push off muscle during walking |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Innervation | Tibial nerve (S2 and S3) |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Blood Supply | Fibular (peroneal) artery and tibial artery |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin | Midshaft of fibula; interosseous membrane |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion | Tendon runs under foot to distal phalanx of great toe |
| Tibialis Posterior Action | Prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexes foot; stabilizes medial longitudinal arch of foot |
| Tibialis Posterior Innervation | Tibial nerve (L4 adn L5) |
| Tibialis Posterior Blood Supply | Fibular (peroneal) artery and tibial artery |
| Tibialis Posterior Origin | Extensive origin from superior tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane |
| Tibialis Posterior Insertion | Tendon passes behind medial mallelous and under arch; inserts into several tarsals and metatarsals 2-4 |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis Action | Helps extend toes at metatarsophalngeal joints |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis Innervation | Deep fibular nerve (S1 and S2) |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis Blood Supply | Dorsalis pedis artery |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis Origin | Anterior part of calcaneus bone; extensor retinaculum |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of great tow; extensor expansions on toes 2-5 |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Action | Helps flex toes |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Innervation | medial plantar nerve (S2 and S3) |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Blood Supply | Medial and lateral plantar arteries |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Origin | Calcaneal tuberosity |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Insertion | Middle phalanx of toes 2-4 |
| Abductor Hallucis Action | Abducts great toe |
| Abductor Hallucis Innervation | medial plantar nerve |
| Abductor Hallucis Blood Supply | Medial plantar artery |
| Abductor Hallucis Origin | Calcaneal tuberosity and flexor retinaculum |
| Abductor Hallucis Insertion | Proximal phalanx of great toe, medial side, in the tendon of flexor hallucis brevis |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Action | Abducts and flexes little toe |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Innervation | Lateral plantar nerve (S2 and S3) |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Blood Supply | Lateral plantar artery |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Origin | Calcaneal tuberosity |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Insertion | Lateral side of base of little toe's proximal phalanx |
| Flexor Accessorius (Quadratus Plantae) Action | Straightens out the oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus |
| Flexor Accessorius (Quadratus Plantae) Innervation | Lateral plantar nerve |
| Flexor Accessorius (Quadratus Plantae) Blood Supply | Lateral plantar artery |
| Flexor Accessorius (Quadratus Plantae) Origin | Medial and lateral sides of calcaneus |
| Flexor Accessorius (Quadratus Plantae) Insertion | Tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
| Lumbricals (foot) Action | Flexes and extends toes |
| Lumbricals (foot) Innervation | Medial planta nerve (1st lumbrical) and lateral plantar nerve |
| Lumbricals (foot) Blood Supply | Medial and lateral plantar arteries |
| Lumbricals (foot) Origin | From each tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
| Lumbricals (foot) Insertion | Extensor expansion on proximal phalanx of toes 2-5, medial side |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Action | Flexes great toe's metatarsophalangeal joint |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Innervation | Medial plantar nerve |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Blood Supply | Medial plantar artery |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Origin | From bases of metatarsals 2-4 and from fibularis longus tendon sheath |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of great toe, lateral side |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action | Flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Innervation | Lateral plantar nerve |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Blood Supply | Lateral plantar artery |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Origin | Base of metatarsal 5 and tendon sheath of fibularis longus |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5 |
| Adductor Hallucis Action | Helps maintain the transverse arch of foot, weak adductor of hallux |
| Adductor Hallucis Innervation | Lateral plantar nerve (S2 and S3) |
| Adductor Hallucis Blood Supply | Plantar arterial arch |
| Adductor Hallucis Origin | From bases of metatarsals 2-4 and from tendon sheath of fibularis longus |
| Adductor Hallucis Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of great toe, lateral side |
| Dorsal Interossei Action | Abducts digits 2-4 flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints of those digits |
| Dorsal Interossei Innervation | Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve |
| Dorsal Interossei Blood Supply | Dorsal metatarsal arteries |
| Dorsal Interossei Origin | Shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones |
| Dorsal Interossei Insertion | Base of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 and digits 3 and 4 |
| Plantar Interosseous Action | Adducts digits 3-5, flexes and extends |
| Plantar Interosseous Innervation | Lateral plantar nerve |
| Plantar Interosseous Blood Supply | Plantar metatarsal artery |
| Plantar Interosseous Origin | Base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5 |
| Plantar Interosseous Insertion | Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5 |
Combine with other sets
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