1.
"coureurs de bois": furs,fishing,missionary work. Roamers of the woods
2.
1st people in americas: Asians
3.
act of religious toleration: a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians
4.
amerigo de vespucci: Named after america. Italian navigator that claimed to have discovered a continent-----a New Word
5.
anglican church: church that King Henry VIII of England creates so that he can marry and divorce as he pleases
6.
anne hutchinson: banned from mass bay colony for reigious views
7.
antinomianism: God communicates directly
8.
aztec civilization: conquered by Hernan Cortes
9.
Back Legend: portrays the spaniards in a bad way; created by the enemies of spain
10.
bacon's rebellion: an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley.
11.
Bartholomeu Dias: explored the southern tip of Africa
12.
Beringia: an ancient land bridge over which the earliest Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia into the Americas
13.
bicameral legislature: A two house legislature
14.
Cabeza de Vaca: Spaniard who explored southern Texas and parts of New Mexico and Arizona between 1528 and 1536
15.
calvinism: Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state.
16.
captain john smith: saved james town and demanded all men build homes and planted.
17.
carolinas: north carolina small in farms produced tobacco and tar southern part grew rice and indigo
18.
charter of liberties and privileges: provided for the creation of an elective assembly,freedom of worship, and trial by jury (self goverment)
19.
christopher columbus: Italian explorer who sailed to the Caribbean trying to find a western route to Asia founded Bahamas
20.
columbian exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
21.
connecticut: founded by thomas hooker
22.
conversion experience: evidence to the Puritan church of a true Christian, must have one to be a church member - baptism not enough
23.
covenant chain of peace: trade agreement
24.
creole: a person descended from French ancestors in southern United States (especially Louisiana)
25.
crusades: holy wars
26.
Delaware: Originally dutch---then english----then quakers
27.
dominion engand: New York New Jersey and New England being united
28.
duke of york: The owner of the colony of New York
29.
Dutch East India Company: the richest
30.
Dutch West India Company: Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.
31.
edict of nantes: 1598 - Granted the Huguenots religious freedom
32.
elizabeth l: daughter of Henry Vll,kept english protestantism alive, and sent out sea dogs
33.
encomienda: spanish labor system
34.
entail: inheritance of property to a son
35.
father marquette: explored the upper Mississippi river
36.
Ferdinand Magellan: Portuguese navigator that was first to circumnavigate(travel around world)the world.
37.
first great awakening: religious awaken, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth.
38.
Francisco Coronado: Spanish explorer who heard stories about the Seven Cities of Gold and set out to find them
39.
Francisco Pizarro: Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)
40.
fundamental orders of connecticut: 1st constitution
41.
george calvert lord baltimore: Englishman who founded Maryland as a religious haven for Roman Catholics.
42.
george whitefield: spread the religious awakening
43.
georgia: served as a buffer(barrier) for south carolina and florida
44.
giovanni verrazano: first french explorer
45.
Glorius Revolution: The overthrow of English King James II.
46.
great law of pennsylvania: self government
47.
great puritan migration: 20,000 puritans migrated to new england
48.
haciendas: plantation
49.
halfway covenant: A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.
50.
Harvard: 1st college teaching sermons
51.
headright system: 1 indentured servant=50 acres of land
52.
heathens: non christians
53.
Henry Hudson: explored the Hudson River and the Hudson Bay
54.
Henry Vlll: broke away from the Church because the Pope would not allow his divorce with Catherine
55.
Hernan Cortes: Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
56.
Hernando de Soto: Spanish explorer who discovered and claimed the Mississippi River for Spain
57.
holy experiment: nickname for pennsylvania
58.
House of Burgess: 1st elective legisature
59.
Huguenots: french calvinists
60.
inca civilization: conquered by Francisco Pizarro
61.
indentured servants: colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
62.
iroquis league: a native American alliance of five nations in the Eastern Woodlands who spoke the same language and shared similar traditions stongest alliance
63.
jacques cartier: Explored the St. Lawrence River and searched for the north west passage
64.
james ll: untied New York New Jersey and New Engand into the domion f new england
65.
James Oglethorpe: founded Georgia
66.
jamestown: First permanent English settlement interested in gold,God,glory (three g's)
67.
jeremiads: Puritan preachers preached a type of sermon called the jeremiad. The jeremiads focused on the teachings of Jeremiah, a Biblical prophet who warned of doom.
68.
Jesuits: black robes
69.
John Cabot: explored east coast
70.
John Calvin: religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society
71.
John Elliot: set up praying towns
72.
John Peter Zenger Trial: lead to the freedom of speech and freedom of press
73.
John Rolfe: introduced tobacco
74.
john winthrop: 1st governor of massachusetts(city upon a hill)
75.
jonathan edwards: started the religious awakening
76.
Juan Cabrillo: explored the coast of California
77.
Juan Ponce De Leon: Spanish Explorer who discovered and named Florida while searching for the "Fountian of Youth"
78.
Leif Erickson: viking explorer who reached North America around 1000, before Columbus
79.
Leisler's Rebellion: uprising in New York between socia classes Jacob Leisler took over rich v.poor
80.
Louis XlV: King of France from 1643 to 1715; known as the Sun King, he built the palace at Versailles as a means to consolidate absolute power; a series of wars at the end of his long reign drained France's wealth.
81.
lutheranism: justification by faith, gain salvation through faith alone
82.
Marco Polo: Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding a quicker route to Asia.
83.
martin luther: German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. he beieved if you had faith you would go to heaven.
84.
maryland: haven(safe place) for cathloics
85.
mason dixon line: line seperating slave states and free states
86.
massachusetts bay colony: founded by purtians major puritan colony
87.
maya civilation: early americans
88.
mayflower compact: 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
89.
metacom (King Philip's)war: son of Massaoit who sought revenge for india and.
90.
metizo: person of mixed European and Indian ancestry
91.
Middle Colonies: New Jersey and Pennsylvainia. had fertile soil moderate winters warm summers and a good growing season and economy was based on farming mineing craft jobs cash crops grain manufacturing and trade
92.
middle ground diplomacy: ...
93.
middle passage: the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade
94.
mourning wars: usually began at the behest of women who had lost a son or husband and desired the group's male warriors to capture individuals from other groups who could replace those they had lost.
95.
mulatto: a person of mixed african and european ancestry
96.
New England Colonies: Massachusets New Hampshire Connecticut and Rhode Island. They had a short growing season long and cold winters, rocky soil and Forests and economy was based on trading shipping and ship building
97.
new england confederation: provide a defense against the Indians,dutch and french
98.
new hampshire: fish,fur and trade
99.
New Jersey: like delaware owned by dutch---english---quakers
100.
new lights v. old lights: Revivalists vs. rationalist clergy. New Lights suggested that most Presbyterian ministers were not saved and would go to hell, urging people to join the new lights (people couldn't trust their own ministers). Old Lights said new lights were crazy. New lights eventually won.
101.
onontio: government of new france
102.
patroonships: bring 50 indentured service receive 1 acre of land
103.
peninsulare: born in Europe
104.
Peter Minuit: Dutch colonist who bought Manhattan from the Native Americans for the equivalent of $24 (1580-1638)
105.
Peter Stuyvesant: mean Dutch governor
106.
phillip ll: King of spain sent out spanish armada
107.
pilgrims: English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
108.
plantation: big farms
109.
plymouth: Colony settled by the Pilgrims.
110.
Pocahontas: married John Rolfe
111.
Portuguese: the first europeans to get to India
112.
power of the purse: Constitutional power given to Congress to tax and spend money
113.
powhatans: maintained peace with Jamestown until Powhatan's death the indians massacred 350 people.
114.
powows: meetings
115.
praying towns: towns to convert indians to christians
116.
predestination: Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.(predistination)
117.
primogeniture: inheritance of property to family of male gender
118.
prince henry: Portuguese prince who started a school for sailors and sponsored early voyages of exploration
119.
protestant reformation: a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
120.
Puritans: a group of Anglicans in England who wanted to purify their church of Catholic ways
121.
quakers: beieved in an inner light in peoplethat all were equal also were anti violent
122.
rhode island: Roger WIlliams; Puritans; wanted religous tolerance & thought Church had too much power
123.
roanoke: Called the Lost Colony financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, all the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.
124.
robert a salle: founded and named Louisiana in honor of King Louis XlV
125.
roger williams: banned from mass bay colony founded rhode isand
126.
salem witch trials: Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.
127.
sea dogs: government sponsered pirates
128.
seperatists: people who seperated from the Church of England
129.
Sir Edmund Andros: Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England
130.
sir francis drake: sea dog English explorer who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)
131.
sir john hawkins: most famous seadog,smuggler,and apart of slave trade
132.
sir walter raleigh: founded roanoke (lost colony)
133.
sir william berkeley: the ineffectual governor of Virginia who wouldn't protect farmers on the border, and wouldn't expand the territory. Almost overthrown by Bacon.
134.
southern Colonies: Virginia Maryland North and South Carolina and Georgia. Fertile Soilwarm summers tide water region had land along the coast of riversand fertile soil. Back country had inland; hilly and forests. Economy was based on tobacco in the Tide Water region were rich and hunting trapping substinence farming cattle and pigs and they were poor
135.
spanish armada: defeated by the english and delayed supplies for the roanoke
136.
squanto: native american who heped the pilgrims
137.
St. Augustine: First spanish settlement. Florida 1565
138.
starving times: hungry due to the fact no one concerned themselves with planting or farming NO FOOD!
139.
stono rebellion: The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.
140.
the pueblo revolt: Spanish tried to convert the Native americans to Christianity, they didn't like it and revolted.
141.
thomas hooker: founded connecticut
142.
town meetings: meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues
143.
treaty of tordesillas: a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
144.
triangular trade: A three way system of trade between Africa ,America, and Europe
145.
vasco da gama: the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.
146.
Vasco De Balboa: First European to reach the Pacific Ocean, 1513.
147.
virginia company: joint stock company formed virginia
148.
visible saints "the elect": allowed men to vote which=power
149.
William III Mary II: took over after Glorius Revoulution
150.
william penn: quaker who founded pennsylvania
