Biology Ch.5 & Ch.6 vocab
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| equilibrium | in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance in the same throughout a space |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of a solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| active transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vessicle to bring the particle in to cell |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vessicle that transports the substances to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substances out |
| autotroph | an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
| heterotrophy | an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials |
| thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
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