5 Written Questions

1. Starting on pg 45 of the red book
2. -He had to unlearn everything he had learned in graduate school.
   -Truants, thieves, and drug users -- in conflict w/ society
3. -He decides that he can make exceptions for himself just because it suits him at a certain time --the fact that he wants to do it makes it right.
   -It means that they regret getting caught
4. 1) Self Report Measure = measures of symptoms which are frequently used with adult patient samples.
   2) Reports of significant others (parents/teachers/etc) = are the most widely used measures of childhood disorders -often correlate with clinical judgements of child dysfunction.
   3) Peer Evaulation = typically reflect on assessment methodology that departs form the rating scales used for parent/teacher assessments - consist of sociometric rating to identify characteristics like popularity, acceptance, etc.
   4) Direct observation = observations in brief time interals while the child interacts with his family at home - advantage is that they provide samples of actual frequency or occurences of particular behaviors
   5) Institutional and Societal records = contacts with the police; arrest records, school attendance; grades; graduation; suspension; expulsion
5. To be diagnosed with a conduct disorder, the child or adolescent in question, must have maintained a pattern of behavioral problems with 3 symptoms, noticed and observed over a period of 12 months, and have to have one of those symptoms present within the past 6 months. [Symptoms: Aggression to people/animals, destruction of property; theft; serious violations of rules].
   It is distingushed from O.D.D. based upon the violations of serious rules and antisocial acts --> killed animals for pleasure, forced sex, etc

5 Matching Questions

1. Briefly discuss the "benefits" (p. 22) that could accrue from diagnosing a behavioral disorder.
2. List four "thorny dilemmas" that should be addressed in future SIP research and theory, according to Dodge and Schwartz.
3. RE Offer's "Four Psychological Subtypes"
4. Why have teacher and parent rating scales been the most widely used?
5. What is Haney's critique of Kohlberg's moral-developmental theory? Why is Samenow's theory even worse, according to Haney?

1. a They have been the most widely used because they are the best developed measures to assess kids. Child behavior check is typical of an instrument for parents to rate items conveying characteristics of their children. They see them the most, so it makes sense that they are the best developed.
2. b Basically he is saying that Kohlberg treats crime as something that can be judged based on social context, but that it ignores the fact that criminal laws are the product of a highly imperfect sociopolitical process; that they are made by ppl who don't know or care about ppl's circumstances to those the laws are applied to --self interests --ignores radically different social conditions may produce a moral perspective that us neigher higher or lower that that of the welleducated upper-middle class --it is naive & unjust!
   
   Samenow's theory is worse because:
3. c 1) The need for integration between mental mechanisms and biological mechanisms in aggressive behaviors
   2) The origins of SIP patterns are not well understood
   3) Little research has examined the role of SIP patterns in understanding age and gender-related effects on rates of aggressive behavior
   4) Lack of experimental studies of the relation between social info procesing and aggressive behaviors
4. d Second Reading in the red booklet.
5. e If a behaviorl disorder is diagnosed, one then can figure out the right methods of treatments and plans available. Also, the most you know about a disorder, the more you understand how you can help prevent or treat the disorder and move foward with life.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. First two: Externalizing -Agression & Impulsiveness; Narsissistic [not accidental that these examples show men]
   Second two: Internalizing -runaway, sexual misbehavior [not accident that these examples show women]
   1. Briefly compare the impulsive and narcissistic psychological subtypes as represented, respectively, by Victor and Kenneth. Use one or more case details to characterize and distinguish these subtypes.
   2. RE Offer's "Four Psychological Subtypes"
   3. Briefly compare the empty-borderline and depressed-borderline psychological subtypes as represented, respectively, by Lorraine and Martha. Use one or more case details to distinguish these subtypes.
   4. Briefly compare the first two with the latter two psychological subtypes in Offer et al.'s typology. What key difference do you see?
2. ...First reading in the red booklet... note: the remainder of the chapter is assigned later in the quarter
   1. Example of Kenneth Case - Narcissistic Delinquent
   2. Chapter 12. The Criminal's Self-Image: "Decent People"
   3. RE Offer's "Four Psychological Subtypes"
   4. RE pp. 132-151 of Lickona's "Stage 2: What's In It for Me?"
3. 1) Encoding of social cues =into short term memory; encoding is primarily a sensory task, but is guided by selective attention; hypervigilance to threatening cues can lead a child to respond w/ retalitory agression
   2) Interpretation of the social cues = representation of info is store in L-T-M; assigns meaning to the encoded cues
   3)Clarification of goals = agression action depends on child's goal construction; assessment of achievement of goals
   4) Response access or construction = involves a search of long term memory for previously learned social behaviors; construction of new response; aggressive responses in memory may lead to aggressive actions
   5) Response Evaluation and decision stage = criteria for generated responses based upon a childs beliefs regarding morality + expected outcomes for the situations
   6) Behavioral enactment = of the selected response occurs --sophisticated motor/verbal skills; lack of skills may lead to aggression.
   
   ~No he does not, because some can be skipped
   1. Briefly describe the social information processing correlates of aggression, with particular attention to "deficits and biases in processing at each stage" (p. 173).
   2. List the six steps in Dodge's social information processing model of aggressive behavior. Do Dodge et al. claim that all six steps are always evident in aggressive behavior? Why or why not?
   3. List two ways in which empathy shapes and influences moral judgment and action.
   4. Briefly describe five modalities in the assessment of antisocial behavior.
4. -You do to me, and I'll do the same back to you; "do your own thing" philosophy; although they recognize that there is more to fairness then just rules
   -Tit for tat, you hit me 2, I'll hit you 2 - equal exchange
   So many fights because of plain MEANNESS, and kids don't see anything as wrong until they can SEE the harmful results
   -Stage 3 contrast kid's think of others, not just themselves; trusting one another for the sake of the relationship, noun trust vs. verb trust
   1. Briefly describe the sense of fairness or understanding of the Golden Rule at moral judgment Stage 2. Why, according to Lickona, are there so many fights when kids are at Stage 2? How does this stage contrast with Stage 3 thinking?
   2. Briefly describe the social information processing correlates of aggression, with particular attention to "deficits and biases in processing at each stage" (p. 173).
   3. Briefly describe five modalities in the assessment of antisocial behavior.
   4. Briefly describe the parent and family characteristics that are often associated with conduct disorder youths.
5. Hyperactivity, low education, high aggressive behavior, no parent supervision, overcrowding, etc.
   1. What is the cause of crime, according to Haney?
   2. Illustrate typical circumstances or contextual factors relevant to conduct disorder.
   3. Why does Kazdin recommend that multiple measures be used in the study of conduct disorder?
   4. Martha - depressed borderline Notes

5 True/False Questions

1. Briefly discuss psychopathy. How can "psychopathic" wife batterers be distinguished? Describe two lines of research by Hare that suggest "a possible physiological basis of heartless psychopathy" (p. 109).
   
   —(Possible discussion question:) So does a biological basis for a lack of empathy mean that all such individuals will become criminal? Or that all criminals are biologically flawed? → Large Family size, overcrowding, poor housing, poor parental supervision, disadvantage school settings are all characteristics which can lead to the development of an individual with Conduct Disorder. Also, salient characteristics:parent psychology & malajustment. For instance: parents who hold a higher rate of clinical dysfuntion such as alcoholism/criminal behavior, etc. can factor into youth learning from what they know, their living conditions.

   True        False

2. How, according to Samenow, can the criminal continue to offend despite having some "conscience"? How can chronic offenders continue to "think highly of [themselves]" (p. 173)? → -How they think!

   True        False

3. Briefly describe sex differences in Conduct Disorder. Note differences in base rate (i.e., in clinical significance), age of onset, change over time, and characteristic symptom patterns. → -Overt behaviors consist of those antisocial acts that are confrontive such as your temper while Covert behaviors consist of concealed acts like lying.
   -Child-onset conduct disorder consists of youths whose dysfunction is evident early in childhood, beginning with oppositional defient disorder/ ADD/ADHD; which progresses into Conduct Disorder. Here child-onset is more severe. And Adolescent-onset C.D. is more common than child-onset, less severe, and where peers play a central role (more females).
   -Reactive (aggression in response to others) is when a child is easily provoked in part by percieving others as having hostile intentions vs. proactive (aggression as an intial way of goal attainment is where a child used domination and coercing of others to get what they want.

   True        False

4. Briefly describe distinct subtypes within Conduct Disorder: Overt versus covert? Child-onset versus adolescent-onset? Reactive versus proactive? → -Overt behaviors consist of those antisocial acts that are confrontive such as your temper while Covert behaviors consist of concealed acts like lying.
   -Child-onset conduct disorder consists of youths whose dysfunction is evident early in childhood, beginning with oppositional defient disorder/ ADD/ADHD; which progresses into Conduct Disorder. Here child-onset is more severe. And Adolescent-onset C.D. is more common than child-onset, less severe, and where peers play a central role (more females).
   -Reactive (aggression in response to others) is when a child is easily provoked in part by percieving others as having hostile intentions vs. proactive (aggression as an intial way of goal attainment is where a child used domination and coercing of others to get what they want.

   True        False

5. RE Kazdin's Chapter 1 ("Introduction and Nature of the Problem") and 2 ("Diagnosis and Assessment") → Second Reading in the red booklet.

   True        False