TBHSWK yr11 chemistry Sci 1.5
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78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Acid | A substance which gives H+ ions in solution. |
| Base | A chemical which gives hydroxide ions in a reaction. |
| Alkali | A base which will dissolve in water eg. NaOH |
| Alkaline solution | A solution with a ph above 7 |
| pH | A number scale which indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity |
| Neutralise | To make the pH of a solution equal 7 |
| Hydrogen ions | A positively charged hydrogen atom |
| Hydroxide ions | Ions formed from bases in a reaction (OH- ) |
| Neutral | Solution which is neither acidic nor alkaline (ph = 7). |
| Evaporate | To remove liquid from a solution by changing it into a gas. |
| Compound | A substance where different types of atoms are chemically bonded in fixed amounts. |
| Salt | A compound formed when a metal or base reacts with an acid. |
| Hydrogen test | A flame makes this gas explode with a squeaky pop. |
| Oxygen test | Glowing splint placed in this gas relights. |
| Carbon dioxide test | Clear limewater turns milky when this gas is bubbled through it. |
| Limewater | Chemical used to test for carbon dioxide gas. |
| Metals | Elements that are shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors of heat and electricity |
| Carbonates | Compounds which release carbon dioxide with acid. |
| Bicarbonates | Another name for Hydrogen carbonates. |
| Calcium Hydroxide | The chemical name for limewater |
| Soluble | Able to be dissolved |
| Acid rain | Rain that has a ph less than 7 |
| Antacid | Chemical that helps neutralise an acid (eg stomach acid) |
| Neutralisation | Reaction between an acid and a base |
| Strong acid | Acids which give all of their hydrogen ions in a reaction |
| Weak acid | Acids which give only a few of their hydrogen ions in a reaction |
| Strong base | A base which gives lots of hydroxide ions in a reaction |
| Weak base | A base which gives only a few hydroxide ions in a reaction |
| Dilute | A small amount of chemical dissolved in a given volume |
| Concentrated | A large amount of chemical dissolved in a given volume |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and occupies space |
| Element | Substance made up of one type of atom only |
| Mixture | Substance made from different elements or compounds that are not chemically joined |
| Compound | Substance made of two or more elements joined together chemically in fixed amounts |
| Atom | Very small particles which make up all matter |
| Nucleus | Central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons. |
| Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle |
| Electron | Very small, negatively charged subatomic particles |
| Neutron | Uncharged subatomic particles |
| Neutral atom | An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in an atom |
| Mass number | Number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Electron shell | Space that electrons with equal energy occupy |
| Valence electrons | Electrons in the outer shell of an atom |
| Periodic table | Chart with elements arranged in periods and groups |
| Group | A column of the periodic table |
| Period | A row of the periodic table |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element with a different mass number due to different numbers of neutrons |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons |
| Cation | Positively charged ion (because it has lost electrons) |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion (because it has gained electrons) |
| Molecular formula | Shows the number and type of atoms in a formula |
| Bond | The attractive force which holds particles in a substance together |
| Ionic bond | Bond formed by attractions of positive cation to negative anion |
| Covalent bond | Bond in which atoms share electrons equally to get a full shell |
| Chemical reaction | What occurs when new chemical substances are formed |
| Reactants | The starting substances in a reaction |
| Products | The new substances formed in a reaction |
| Balanced equation | Writing a reaction using the formulae of chemicals |
| Molecule | A group of atoms covalently joined together |
| Ionic compound | Compound made up of positive and negative ions |
| Molecular compound | Compound made up of atoms joined covalently together |
| Reaction rate | How fast a chemical reaction occurs |
| Collision theory | Explains that a reaction will only occur if the reactants collide with enough energy to break existing bonds |
| Frequency of collisions | The number of collisions by reactants |
| Effectiveness of collisions | The right alignment and force of collisions between reactants |
| Concentration | Amount (in moles per Litre) of a substance |
| mol L-1 | Moles per Litre - unit of concentration |
| Temperature | Average kinetic energy of substances |
| 0C | Unit of temperature |
| Surface area | Area of the particles exposed for collisions |
| Catalyst | Substance which speeds up a reaction without being used up |
| Enzyme | A biological catalyst |
| Industrial catalyst | Catalysts which speed up industrial processes to make them more efficient and economical |
| Activation energy (EA) | The minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction |
| Exothermic reaction | Chemical reaction which gives out energy |
| Endothermic reaction | Chemical reaction which takes in energy |
| Orientation of reactants | The way the reactants are in the right alignment or position before colliding |
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