Biology- Ch. 1
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biology | The study of all living organisms |
| Organism | A living thing |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics (codes for the proteins, all organisms contain DNA) |
| Cells | Smallest living unit |
| Prokaryotes | Does not have a nucleus, ex. bacteria |
| Eukaryotes | Have a nucleus and membrane, ex. plants and animals |
| Unicellular | One cell |
| Multicellular | Many cells |
| Sexual Reproduction | Two parents eggs, offspring DIFFERENT from parents |
| Asexual Reproduction | Involves a single organism or cell, cell divides, offspring IDENTICAL to parents |
| Growth and Develop | Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS and by cell ENLARGEMENT |
| Autotrophs | Make their own food |
| Photoautotrophs | Use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) |
| Chemoautotrophs | Use chemicals such as iron and sulfur as their energy |
| Metabolism | Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism, all require energy, sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on earth |
| Photosynthesis | 6CO<sub>2</sub>+6H<sub>2</sub>O ------> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>+6O<sub>2</sub> (Carbon dioxide, water, sugar, oxygen) |
| Cellular Respiration | Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods (opposite formula to photosynthesis) |
| Respond the stimuli in their environment | Hot pan ---> Touch it ---> Drop it |
| Homeostasis | Maintain a stable internal environment, keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism within the ranges required for life, stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, ect. |
| As a group | Living things evolve, groups of organisms- not individuals change over time, fossil records show changes in groups of organisms |
| Ecorevolution | Insects depend and flowers depend on each other for food and pollination |
| Natural Selection | Driving force in evolution, organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to successfully produce than organisms that lack these traits |
| Survival of the fittest | Only the fit survive, survival of organisms with favorable traits cause a gradual change in populations over many generations |
| Environment | Everything that affects and surrounds an organisms. Two parts: living and non living |
| Abiotic | The nonliving parts of an organism's environment. Ex.- air currents, temperature, moisture, light, soil, glass, water, sand, clouds, aluminum, gold, pipe, and plastic |
| Biotic | All the living organisms that inhabit an environment, all organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection. Ex.- Whale, paper (non functioning), steak (non functioning), plants, grape, salad, fish, snail, cotton fabric (non), Cork (non) |
| Limiting factor | Any biotic or abiotic factor that can effect the growth of a population |
| Available resources | Food, shelter, water, space |
| Energy Flow | Energy is an ecosystem originally comes from the sun, energy flows through ecosystems from producers to consumers |
| Consumers | Use food by eating producers or other consumers |
| Heterotrophs | Eat other organisms to obtain energy. Ex.- animals |
| Herbivores | Eat only plants |
| Carnivores | Eat only other animals |
| Omnivores | Humans, eat plants and animals |
| Detritivores | Scavengers, feed on dead plants and animals remains (buzzards) |
| Decomposers | Fungi and bacteria |
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