Language of Medicine Chapter 12- Diagnostic and Pathologic terms
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Created by:
so_sew on September 28, 2011
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Description:
Chabner's Language of Medicine, 9th edition. Diagnostic and Pathologic terms for Chapter 12, the respiratory system.
Classes:
HS 145 using Chabner's Language of Medicine
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 auscultation | listening to sounds within the body |
| percussion | tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure. |
| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other |
| rale (crackles) | fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli |
| rhonchi (singular: ronchus) | loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum |
| sputum | material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting |
| stridor | strained, high-pitched, sound made on inspiration; caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx |
| wheezes | Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing |
| croup | acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor |
| diphtheria | acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium) |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| pertussis | whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis |
| asthma | chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema,and constriction, and increased mucus production |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection |
| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli |
| emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| lung cancer | malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis |
| pneumonia | acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
| pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung |
| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs |
| sarcoidosis | chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs |
| tuberculosis (TB) | An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved but any organ in the body can be affected. |
| mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura; associated with asbestos exposure. |
| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity) |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura (pleuritis) |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space |
| anthracosis | coal dust accumulation in the lungs |
| asbestosis | asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis) |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs. Caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection, and, in a minority of cases, asthma. |
| cor pulmonale | failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease |
| exudate | fluid, cells, or other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation |
| hydrothorax | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| palliative | relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease |
| paroxysmal | pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure |
| pulmonary infarction | area of necrosis (death of lung tissue) |
| purulent | containing pus |
| silicosis | disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations |
| non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | accounts for 90% of lung cancers:comprises 2 main types; adenocarcinoma(from mucous secreating cells) and squamous cell carcinoma(lining of bronchus) |
| small cell lung cancer (SCLC) | Derives from small, round ("oat" cells) cells found in pulmonary epithelium. Grows rapidly early in its course and quickly spreads outside the lung. |
| Infiltrate | Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image |
| Pyothorax ( empyema) | Condition of pus in the pleural cavity. |
| Glottis | Opening to the larynx |
| Bronchoalveolar lavage | Injection of fluid into the bronchi, followed by withdrawal of the fluid for examination |
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