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cell the smallest unit which can carry out all of the processes of life cell theory all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism, and cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells plasma membrane cell' outer boundary which cover's a cells surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell cytoplasm Region of the cell that contains fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all organells except the nucleus that lies with the plasma membrane cytosol Part of the cytoplasm that contains fluid molescules and small particles (such as ribosome) but not any membrane-bound organelles nucleus Membrane-bound structure that holds SNA and performs most of the functions in an eukaryotic cell by RNA prokaryotes Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles SNA is found in concentrated part of cell known as the nucleiod and pro karyotes are classified as Bacteria and Archeabacteria eukaryotes Organisms made of one or more cells which has nucleus and membrane-bound organelle organells and have a well defined structure wth organelles organelles Well-defined, incellular bodies which perform specific functions for the cell tissue group of similar cells that carry out and perform a particular job in an organ/ organism organ Groups of tissue that perform a particular job in an organ system organ system A group of organs that accomplish related tasks phospholipid bilayer A double layer of phospholipids chromosome Structures made by the nucleus from DNA and protien during cell reproduction division nuclear envolope Surrounds the nucleus in a double layer nucleolus Site where DNA is cosentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA ribosomes Are organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm mitochondira Are tiny organelles that transfere energy from organic molecules to ATP endoplasmic reticulum System of membranous tube sacs, function are intracellular highway for molecules. Tow types : rough and smooth Golgi appartus System of flattened membranous sacs; add carbohydrates and alter lipids; receive new protein lysosome Vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes cytoskeleton Network of thin tubes and filaments that criscrosses the cytosol; tubes and filaments give shape to the cell microtubuler Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin; act as tracks to guide organelles and molecules in the cell. microfilaments long threads of beadlike protein actin and are linked from end to end and wrapped around like strands of rope cilla Are short and present in large numbers of cells hairs around the cell flagella Strand like tail on end of cells and less numerous then the cilla centriole Two short cylinder of microtubules at right angles and are only found in animal cells. cell wall Rigid layer that lies outside cell membrane and for plants it is called cellulose central vacuole Large fluid filled organelle that stores water and enzyemes, metabolic waste, and other materials plastid Organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contains DNA chloroplast Light energy that make carboydrates from carbon dioxide and water thylakoid System of flattened membranous sacs chlorophyll molecules which light captures energy for the cell