ears pcs test 1
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 the external ear consists of ... (2) | 1) auricle (pinna) 2) external auditory meatus |
| serves to direct sound waves to the auditory meatus; it is attached by muscles and ligaments to the skull | Pinna (auricle) |
| the blood supply to the pinna is from the _____1_____ artery, which is a branch of the ____2___ artery and the __3_____ artery, which is a branch of the _____4_____ artery. | 1) posterior auricular 2) external carotid 3) occipital 4) superficial temporal |
| the ______ is the only part of the pinna not supported by cartilage | lobe |
| consists of cartilaginous framework of elastic connective tissue covered with skin | pinna ( auricle) |
| sudden blunt trauma to the ear, separation of the tissue planes of the ear, spaces fill with blood from ruptured capillaries... uncorrected, the hematoma turns to scar tissue and calcifies | cauliflower ear |
| the ________ is the pathognomonic soft tissue of gout | tophus |
| consists of urate crystals and doubly refractive under polarized light | tophus |
| gouty tophi can occurs around the | helix of the ear |
| ear pathology: stenosis can occur in the | external auditory canal |
| ear pathology: benign cartilage or bony growth | osteoma |
| ear pathology: laminar bony growth (overuse of alcohol ear drops, frequent swimming in cold water) | exostosis |
| a short canal extending from the pinna to the ear drum, lined with skin containing hairs and sebaceous glands near its entrance | external auditory meatus |
| deeper within the meatus, are ________ glands | ceruminous (wax-secreting) |
| keep the tympanum soft and waterproof and together with the hairs prevent foreign objects from reaching the ear drum; also keeps ear moisturized | cerumen (ear wax) |
| characterized by pain upon gently pulling of the auricle... don't pull too hard!! | external ear infection |
| larger deposits may obscure the view of the drum, the canal needs to be almost completely obstructed to cause hearing loss | EAR WAX |
| in _________ the canal may be so swollen that a view into the ear is impossible | otitis externa |
| outer ear canal is swollen shut, auricle painful to touch, often seen in diabetics 2 pseudomonas infection | acute malignant otitis externa |
| most dangerous thing to get stuck in you ear | button battery |
| thin and semi-transparent, has a pearly gray appearance | normal tympanic membrane |
| middle ear structures that can be seen if the tympanic membrane is normal (2) | 1) incus 2) eustachian tube |
| thin, double-layered epithelial partition between the external auditory meatus and the middle ear | tympanic membrane |
| the outer concave layer of the tympanic membrane is made of | stratified squamous epithelium |
| the inner convex layer is of the tympanic membrane is made of | columnar epithelium |
| the tympanic membrane is innervated by (2) | 1) auriculotemporal nerve (branch from CNV3) 2) auricular branch of vagus |
| where the outer margin of the drum is attached to the external canal. it is thickened. | annulus fibrosa |
| the upper 1/5 of the tympanic membrane is slack and is called the ____1_____. the lower 4/5 is called the ____2_____ | 1) pars flaccida 2) pars tensa |
| the handle of the ______ extends downwards and backwards in the tympanic membrane. the short process of the ______ protrudes forward into the external canal | malleus |
| _____ is the central attachment of the tympanic membrane to the malleus | umbo |
| from the umbo a _______ extends downwards and forwards | cone of light |
| the blood supply of the tympanic membrane comes from the _________ superiorly. prominent blood vessels on the rim are superiorly are within normal limits. | ear canal |
| collects sound | outer ear |
| a pea-sized, air-filled cavity separated by the paper thin ear drum | middle ear |
| attached to the ear drum and 3 tiny bones | middle ear |
| when sound waves strike the ear drum, it vibrates and sets the bones in motion that transmit to the inner ear = | 18x amplification |
| converts vibrations to electrical signals and sends these signals to the brain. it also helps maintain balance. | inner ear |
| measure the compliance of the tympanic membrane, a probe is inserted into the ear canal and emits a sound signal | tympanometer |
| tympanometer: _______ of the tympanic membrane is measured. the pressure in the ear canals is measured in decapascals | compliance |
| if the middle ear space is filled with fluid, most of the sound is reflected back to the probe from the ___1___ tympanic membrane = __2___ compliance | 1) stiff 2) low |
| if the middle ear space is filled with air, the ossicles are intact and energy is _______ by the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and inner ear structures = normal peak, normal compliance | absorbed |
| if there is disruption of the ossicles, or if a portion of the tympanic membrane is flaccid large amounts of energy will be ___1____ by into the tympanic membrane = tracing will display an ___2____ peak = ___3___ compliance | 1) absorbed 2) abnormal 3) high |
| cerumen occluding the ear canal will produce a _______ canal volume measurement | low |
| perforation of the tympanic membrane will produce a _________ canal volume measurement | high |
| tympanometer automatically calculates the | canal volume |
| outer and/or inner ear pathology, all frequencies lost | conductive hearing loss |
| most common causes of conductive hearing loss (3) | 1) wax 2) perforated ear drum 3) damaged or defective ossicles (age-related) |
| delicate hair cells in the inner ear breakdown, unable to convert sound vibrations into signals to the auditory nerve, patients usually have problems with "background" noise, usually affects HIGH frequencies 1st | sensorineural hearing loss |
| combo of problems in the middle and inner ear | mixed hearing loss |
| stroke, multiple sclerosis, trauma | central hearing disorder |
| a high frequency "click" is presented to the patient with earphones | Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) |
| BAER response 0-10 msec (early) | cochlea, CNVIII tumor or brainstem lesion |
| BAER response 50-100 msec (late) | cortical pathology |
| BAER response 10-50 msec | normal |
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