Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals
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skeeter1407 on September 28, 2011
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Exam 1
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anatomy | the science that deals with the form and structure of all organisms |
| physiology | the study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all its parts |
| gross anatomy | based primarily on dissection of animal cadavers |
| hisochemistry | the combination of chemisty and microscope anatomy |
| comparative anatomy | the study of the structures of various species of animals |
| embryology | the study of developmental anatomy, covering the period from conception to birth |
| microscopic anatomy/histology | the study of tissues and cells that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope |
| unltrastrutural cytology | deals with portions of cells and tissues as they are visualized with the aid of the electron microscope |
| cranial | is the directional term meaning toward the head |
| caudal | means towards the tail |
| rostral | means towards the nose |
| median plane | plane passing through the body so as to divide the body into equal right and left halves |
| sagittal plane | any plane parallel to the median plane |
| midsagittal plane | the median plane is sometimes called this |
| transverse plane | at right angles to the median plane and divides the body into cranial and caudal segments |
| horizontal plane | right angles to both the median plane and transverse planes |
| medial | meaning close to/towards the median plane |
| lateral | means far away from the median plane |
| dorsal | means toward or beyond the backbone or vertebral column |
| ventral | away from the vertebral column |
| deep and internal | proximity to the center of an anatomical structure |
| superficial and external | proximity to the surface of the body |
| proximal | close to a given part |
| distal | means farther fro mthe verebral column |
| median | on the midline |
| cells | cytoplasm, nucleus, membrane |
| tissue | a group of specialized cells |
| organs | various tissues organized into a functional group |
| system | group of organs that work together |
| epithelial tissue | keeping outside out and inside in ex. skin |
| connective tissue | allows us to have a structure |
| muscle tissue | allows us to contract, move |
| nervous tissue | interactions with epithelial, connective, and muscle tissue |
| secretion | the release fro the gland cell of a substance that has been synthesized by the cell and that usually affects other cells in other parts of the body |
| excretion | is the expulsion of waste products |
| endocrine glands | glands without ducts |
| exocrine glands | glands that empty their secretory products on an epithelial surface |
| elastic tissue | elasticity elastic arteries and ligamentum nuchea |
| collagenous tissue | collagen from fibroblasts tensile strength |
| areolar(loose)connective tissue | cushioning and flexibility blood vessels, attaches skin to muscle |
| reticular connective tissue | fine fibrials and cells which make up part of the endocrine and lymphatic organs |
| adipose tissue | adipocytes store fats |
| cartilage | firmer than fibrous tissue less than bone |
| hyaline | glass like covering of bones, reduces friction |
| elastic | cartilage substance and elastic fibers |
| fibrocartilage | mixture of cartilage and collagenous fibers which forms a semi-elastic cushion of great strength. |
| bone | osteoblasts, osteoid tissue, later calcified to form bone |
| blood | fluid matrix and various cells, proteins |
| muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| nervous tissue | neuron, axons, dendrites, tracts, |
| homeostasis | state of relative stability |
| growth | increase in size |
| reproduction | some cells do some don't |
| absorption | the process of taking dissolved materials or water through the cell membrane into the substances of the cell |
| endocytosis | a way extracellular material can enter a cell |
| phagocytosis | large amounts of material can be brought into the cell by ameboid movements of the cell |
| metabolism | the sum total of the physical and biochemical reactions occuring in each cell and therfore in the entire animal |
| irritability | the property of being able to react to a stimulus |
| conductivity | the property of transmitting an electrical impulse from one point in a cell to another |
| contractility | the ability to shorter in one direction |
| proteins | complex high-molecular-weight colloidal molecules consisting primarily of amino acids that are polymerized into polypeptide chains |
| lipids | consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| fatty acids | chains of covalently bound carbon atoms with hydrogens attached |
| saturated fatt | if each carbon atom has four single covalent bonds |
| unsaturated | if any carbon bond has fewer than four single bonds |
| triglycerides | consist of a glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached |
| steroids | lipds in which the carbon atoms are connected un ring structures |
| cholesterol | steroid |
| acid | compound capable of ionizing and releasing a hydrogen ion |
| base | compound that is capable of reducing the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution by combining with them. |
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