A&P Exam 1- Anatomy of the Phonatory System
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cricoid | Base of the larynx, most stable of all the major cartilages |
| Facets | Locations where the arytenoid (superior) and the thyroid (lateral) cartilages connect to the cricoid |
| Arytenoid | Sits in the 2 superior facets of the cricoid, shaped like a pyramid Rotates to close off the vocal folds when swallowing or voicing, opens the vocal folds to open up the air passage way so that we can breathe |
| Apex | Tip of the arytenoid |
| Vocalic process | Sharper edge of the arytenoid, pointed more forward toward the larynx, rotates away from or toward one another |
| Muscular process | More rounded edge of arytenoid, has 4 muscles attached to it |
| Thyroid | Rocks up and down/forward and back, can pivot |
| Upper cornua | Attach to the lamina, ball for ball and socket joint |
| Thyroid lamina | flat plates that come together at an angle, form the thyroid notch |
| Thyroid prominum | "Adam's apple" formed by the lamina, more prominent in men than women because in women the thyroid lamina come together at a wider angle |
| Lower cornua | Attach to the cricoid, the only attachment of the thyroid |
| Epiglottis | Attached by ligaments and cartilage, made up of elastic cartilage (wants to be very flexible) Folds over and down to cover the trachea when swallowing, sits back out of the way when talking/breathing |
| Corniculates | Cartilages with their own small ligaments, they make the apex of the arytenoids taller |
| Vocalic ligament | Attaches vocalic process to the thyroid |
| Cuneiforms | Embedded in soft tissue, lie lateral to the corniculates |
| Hyoid bone | Anchoring point for many muscles involved in speech, free floating bone that is connected by soft tissue, has 2 cornua |
| Vocalic ligaments | Course between the inside of the thyroid angle and the vocalic processes of the arytenoid cartilages |
| Intrinsic | Muscles connecting parts of the larynx to each other, lie within the larynx itself |
| Extrinsic | Muscles connecting the larynx to structures outside the larynx, hyoid bone is anchoring point for all of these muscles; there is a suprahyoid set which runs from the hyoid bone to the cranium and an infrahyoid set that runs from the hyoid bone down to the larynx |
| Vocalis muscles/Internal thyroarytenoid/Thyrovocalis | Origin: angle of thyroid Insertion: vocalic process of arytenoid Action: regulates tension of VF's, makes the VF's shorter, fatter and rounder and the vocal ligament is going to be sagging and loose when they contract Abduction |
| External thyroarytenoid/Thyromuscularis/Muscularis muscles | Origin: angle of thyroid Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid Action: pull arytenoids forward and roatate them Adduction |
| Cricothyroid muscles | Origin: anderolateral spect of arch of cricoid (toward front, on side) Insertion: inferior cornu and caudal margin of thyroid Action: pull thyroid forwaard and elevate arch of cricoid, regulates pitch by tensing and lengthening VF's Stretching gives higher pitch and contracting makes for lower pitch |
| Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (PCA) | Origin: posterior surface of cricoid Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid Action: open and tense VF's, only muscle that serves to abduct |
| Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles (LCA) | Origin: superior border of arch of cricoid Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid Action: close and tense VF's, major adductors (major antagonists of PCA), add medial compression to VF's |
| Transverse arytenoid muscles | Origin: posterior edge of arytenoids Insertion: same region on contralateral member Action: approximate arytenoids, adductors (pull them laterally toward one another) |
| Oblique arytenoid muscles | Origin: posterior surface and lateral margin of arytenoid Insertion: apex of contralateral member Action: draw apices toward one another, adductors |
| Infrahyroid muscles/"Strap muscles" | Thyrohoid, Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid Lie below level of hyoid bone When they contract, pull muscles down (speaking, breathing, low pitch) |
| Suprahyoid muscles | Anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid Lies above level of hyoid bone When hyoid comes up, it brings the larynx with it (swallowing) |
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