Endocrine System
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Folicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Stimulates follicle maturation; spermatogenesis (source: Anterior pituitary) |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | Stimulates ovulation;testosterone synthesis (source: Anterior pituitary) |
| AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone (ACTH) | Tropic --> Stimulates adrenal cortex to make and secrete glucocorticoids (source: Anterior Pituitary) |
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones (source: Anterior Pituitary) |
| Prolactin | Direct --> Stimulates milk production & secretion (source: Anterior Pituitary) |
| Endorphins | Inhibits the perception of pain in the brain (source: Anterior pituitary) |
| Growth hormone | Direct --> Stimulates bone and muscle growth/lipolysis (source: Anterior pituitary) |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates uterine contractions during labour; milk secretion during lactation (source: Hypothalmus; stored in posterior pituitary) |
| Vasopressin (ADH) | Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys (source: Hypothalmus; stored in posterior pituitary) |
| Hypothalamus | Part of the forebrain; located directly above the pituitary gland |
| Anterior pituitary | Anterior part of the small trilobed pituitary gland lying at the base of the brain. Synthisizes both direct hormones (directly stimulate their target organs) and tropic hormones (stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones) |
| Glucocorticoids | Binds with GR receptors for glucose metabolism & to increase and maintain normal concentrations of glucose in blood. (source: Adrenal cortex) *Stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary* |
| Thyroid hormones (T4, T3) | Stimulates metabolic activity (source: Thyroid) |
| Calcitonin | Decreases (tones down) blood calcium level (source: Thyroid) |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Increases the blood calcium level (source: Parathyroid) |
| Parathyroid glands | Four small pea-shaped structures embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid |
| Thyroid gland | A bilobed structure located on the ventral surface of the trachea. It produces and secretes hormones necessary for growth and neurological development in children. |
| Adrenal gland | Situated on top of the kidneys and consists of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. |
| Glucocorticoids | Increase blood glucose level and decrease protein synthesis (source: Adrenal cortex) |
| Mineralocorticoids | Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys (source Adrenal cortex) *Note - Vasopressin from the hypothalmus stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.* |
| Adrenal medulla | Specialized sympathetic nerve cells that secrete hormones into the circulatory system |
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine | (AKA adrenaline) Increases blood glucose level and heart rate (source: Adrenal medulla) |
| Pancreas | Both an exocrine organ and an endocrine organ. |
| Exocrine glands | Glands that secrete their hormones into ducts. |
| Glucagon | Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, increases blood glucose (source: Pancreas) |
| Insulin | Lowers blood glucose by stimulating the uptake and glycogen storage of glucose by muscle & adipose cells (source: Pancreas) |
| Testosterone | Maintains male secondary sexual characteristics (source: Testes) |
| Estrogen | Maintains female secondary sexual characteristics (source: Ovaries/Placenta) |
| Progesterone | Promotes growth and maintenance of the endometrium (source: Ovaries/Placenta) |
| Endometrium | Inner membrane of the mammalian uterus. |
| Pineal gland | Tiny structure at the base of the brain. |
| Melatonin | Unclear in humans - circadian rhythms? (source: Pineal gland) |
| Atrial natriuretic peptide | Involved in osmoregulation (pressure of bodily fluids) and vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) (source: Heart) |
| Thymosin | Stimulates T lymphocyte development (source Thymus) |
| Thymus | An organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the sternum. |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) | Preserves the corpus luteum during the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy tests usually test for this hormone in urine (source: Blastocyst/Placenta) |
| T cells or T lymphocytes | A type of white blood cell which play a central role in cell-mediated immunity |
| Antibody | Gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses. |
| Antigen | A substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and can cause an immune response |
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