5 Written Questions

1. Fringe type of wetland.Structure dictated by tides and salinity.Twice daily plants on the outmost fringes are submerged in salty water and then exposed to full sun.
2. Dominated by tall salt marsh cordgrass.Dark green in color and up to three meters tall.Hollow tubes leading from leaf to root to deal with anaerobic mud. Excretes salt on leaves
3. Muddy area without much if any plant life.
4. Fluctuates through the season.Heated by the Sun and inflowing and out flowing currents.
5. Form in the upper reaches of the mouth.

5 Matching Questions

1. Littoral Zone
2. Nutrient Trap
3. Salt Meadow
4. Profundal Zone
5. Tidal Creeks

1. a Contain salt meadow cordgrass and spike grass. About 5 cm above mean high water mark.
2. b Light reaches the bottom. Rooted plants grow here. Richest diversity of life.Shallow water has emergent vegetation such as rushes, sedges, reeds, and cattails.Deeper water has water lilies.
3. c Form a series of drainage channels that carry tidal waters back out to sea.Contain mud algae (diatoms and dinoflagellates).
4. d Very little life-some fish, some plankton, and organisms such as water fleas. Zooplankton may migrate during part of the day.Depends on rain of organic material from the limnetic zone for energy. Limited light penetration.
5. e Formed by mixing water of different salinities and temperatures.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Contains black needlerush and black grass.
   Contain shrubs such as marsh elder and goundsel.Upland fringe contains bayberry and sea holly.
   1. Profundal Zone
   2. Benthic Zone
   3. Littoral Zone
   4. Shrub Zone
2. inland depressions containing standing water, may be so large that they mimic marine environments.
   1. Debris
   2. Lakes
   3. Ponds
   4. Deltas
3. Open water-extends to the depth of light penetration. Phyto and zooplankton and nekton.
   1. Shrub Zone
   2. Limnetic Zone
   3. Littoral Zone
   4. Benthic Zone
4. salt marsh cord grass
   1. High marsh
   2. Deltas
   3. Salt Marshes
   4. Low Marsh
5. inland depressions containing standing water, small bodies of water so shallow that rooted plants can grow over much of the bottom.
   1. Ponds
   2. Deltas
   3. Debris
   4. Lakes

5 True/False Questions

1. Benthic Zone → Open water-extends to the depth of light penetration. Phyto and zooplankton and nekton.

   True        False

2. Tidal Flats → When silt and mud accumulations become high enough to be exposed at low tide.Found in sheltered areas (i.e. estuaries)

   True        False

3. Salinity → Formed when silt, driftwood, and other debris deposited in beds of slow-moving streams dam up water behind them.

   True        False

4. High marsh → salt marsh hay grass, spike grass and short form of salt marsh cord grass

   True        False

5. Fiddler Crabs → When silt and mud accumulations become high enough to be exposed at low tide.Found in sheltered areas (i.e. estuaries)

   True        False