biology: chemistry of life
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Created by:
AidanWhite on September 29, 2011
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element |
| Element | a pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| Ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| Molecule | (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound |
| Mixture | (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding) |
| Solvent | a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem, a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
| Acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution |
| Covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| pH scale | describes how acidic or basic a solution is |
| Monosaccharide | a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars |
| Carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| Nucleic acid | (biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotid chains that are vital constituents of all living cells |
| Dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |
| Nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| Isotope | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons |
| Ion | a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative) |
| Buffer | an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH |
| Lipid | an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| Suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
| Base | any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water |
| Polysaccharide | any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules |
| Monomer | a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers |
| Electron | an elementary particle with negative charge |
| Compound | (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight |
| Polymer | a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers |
| Amino acid | organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group |
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