Chapter 11 BOLD Words
About this set
Created by:
myMagen on September 29, 2011
Subjects:
special senses: the eyes and ears
Classes:
MCC Med Term Class, Lisa's Group
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255 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 accommodation | the process where the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances |
| acoustic | means relating to sound or hearing |
| acoustic nerves | transmits the impulses from the nerve fibers to the brain to maintain equilibrium |
| acuity | means sharpness |
| acute otitis media | usually associated with an upper respiratory infection and is most commonly see in young children |
| acute purulent otitis media | buildup of pus within the middle ear due to infection |
| AD | Right ear (Auris Dexter) |
| adhesion | holds structures together abnormally |
| adnexa | means appendages or accessory structures of an organ |
| adnexa of the eyes | structures outside the eyeball including orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus |
| age related macular degeneration | occurs most commonly in older people and is the leading cause of legal blindness in those over 60 |
| air conduction | the process where sound waves enter the ear thru the pinna |
| amblyopia | a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight |
| ametropia | any error of refraction where images do not focus properly on the retina (astigmatism, hyperopia, myopia) |
| angiograms | used to determine whether there is proper circulation in the retinal vessels |
| anisocoria | a condition where the pupils are unequal in size |
| ankylosis | means fused together |
| anterior chamber | located behind the cornea and in front of the iris |
| anterior segment | makes up the front one third of the eyeball |
| aqueous | means watery or containing water |
| aqueous fluid | anterior and posterior chambers are filled with this fluid |
| AS | Left ear (Auris Sinister) |
| astigmatism | a condition where the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea |
| AU | Each ear or both ears (Auris Uterque) |
| audiogram | resulting graph of an audiological evaluation |
| audiological evaluation | the measurement of the ability to hear and understand speech sounds based on their pitch and loudness |
| audiologist | specialized in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehab of person with hearing impairments |
| audiometer | an electronic device that produces acoustic stimuli of a set frequency and intensity |
| audiometry | the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity |
| auditory | means pertaining to the sense of hearing |
| auditory ossicles | three small bones found in the middle ear that transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear by vibration |
| barotrauma | pressure related ear discomfort that can be caused by pressure changes when the eustachian tube is blocked (or when diving, scuba diving, driving in the mountains) |
| bifocals | lenses with two powers |
| binaural testing | involves both ears |
| binocular | the use of both eyes working together |
| binocular vision | muscles of both eyes work together in coordinated movements (normal) |
| blepharoptosis | drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due ot paralysis |
| blindness | the inability to see |
| bone conduction | occurs as the eardrum vibrates and moves the auditory ossicles - conduct the sound waves thru the middle ear to the oval window |
| canal of Schlemm | filters and drains aqueous fluid |
| canthus | the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet |
| cataract | the loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity |
| cerumen | secreted by ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal |
| chalazion | localized swelling inside the eyelid resulting from obstruction of a sebaceous gland |
| choroid | the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye |
| cilia | the small hairs of the eyelashes |
| ciliary body | located within the choroid and is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina |
| ciliary body | produces the aqueous fluid |
| ciliary body | to focus on distant objects - the muscles stretch the lens so it is thinner |
| ciliary body | to focus on nearby objects - adjust the lens to make it thicker |
| closed angle glaucoma | the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so the fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork - causes a sudden increase in the intraocular pressure that produces pain, nausea, redness of the eye and blurred vision |
| cochlea | the snail shaped fluid filled structure that forms the inner ear |
| cochlear duct | a fluid filled cavity within the cochlea that vibrates when sound waves strike it |
| cochlear implant | an implanted electronic device that can give a deaf person a useful auditory understanding of the environment and or hearing and help them understand speech |
| concave lenses | curved inward for use with myopia or nearsightedness |
| conductive hearing loss | sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid filled inner ear |
| cones | color receptors |
| conjunctiva | the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of eyelid - forms a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball |
| conjunctivitis | an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy |
| conjunctivoplasty | surgical repair of the conjunctiva |
| contact lenses | refractive lenses that float directly on the tear film in front of the eye |
| convergence | the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other |
| convex lenses | curved outward for use with hyperopia (farsightedness) |
| cornea | the transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil - primary structure focusing light rays entering the eye |
| corneal abrasion | an injury, such as a scratch or irritation to the outer layers of the cornea |
| corneal transplant | surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea |
| corneal ulcer | pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury |
| dacryoadenitis | an inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection |
| deafness | the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear |
| decibel | commonly used as the measurement of the loudness of sound |
| dilation | enlarges the pupil thru the use of mydriatic drops |
| diopter | the unit of measurement of a lens' refractive power |
| diplopia | the perception of two images of a single object |
| dry type macular degeneration | accounts for 90% of cases caused by the deterioration of the cells of the macula |
| ears | receptor organs for the sense of hearing - also help to maintain balance |
| ectropion | the eversion of the edge of an eyelid - usually affects the lower lid exposing the inner surface of the eye to irritation |
| edema | means swelling of the tissues |
| emmetropia | the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina |
| entropion | the inversion of the edge of an eyelid - usually affects the lower lid causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea |
| epicanthus | a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose |
| equilibrium | state of balance |
| esotropia | strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes |
| eustachian tubes | narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and the throat to equalize the air pressure in the middle ear |
| eustachitis | inflammation of the eustachian tube |
| eversion | means turning outward |
| exotropia | strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other eye |
| external auditory canal | transmits sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (eardrum) of the middle ear |
| extraocular | means outside the eyeball |
| eye muscles | arranged in three pairs and are attached to each eye |
| eyeball | a 1 inch sphere with only about one sixth of it surface visible |
| eyebrows & eyelashes | prevent foreign matter from reaching the eyes |
| eyes | receptor organs for the sense of sight |
| fenestration | surgical procedure where a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore hearing |
| floaters | particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous fluid and cast shadows on the retina |
| fluorescein angiography | a radiographic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous infection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium |
| fluorescein staining | the application of fluorescent dye to the surface of the eye |
| fovea centralis | a pit in the middle of the macula - color vision is best in this area due to the high concentration of cones and no rods |
| functions of the eyes | are the receptor organs of sight and their functions are to receive images and transmit them to the brain |
| glaucoma | a group of diseases - increased intraocular pressure that cause damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve |
| hearing aid | external electronic device that uses a microphone to detect sounds |
| hemianopia | blindness in one half of the visual field |
| hertz | a measure of sound frequency that determines how high or low a pitch is |
| hordeolum | a pus filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland |
| humor | any clear body liquid or semifluid substance |
| hyperopia | a defect where light rays focus beyond the retina |
| impacted | means lodged or wedged firmly in place |
| impacted cerumen | an accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass |
| in situ | in its original place |
| infectious myringitis | a contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum |
| inner canthus | where the eyelids meet NEAREST the nose |
| inner ear | contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance |
| inner ear | receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the brain |
| intraocular | means within the eyeball |
| intraocular lens | surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed |
| intraocular pressure | measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye |
| inversion | means turning inward |
| iridectomy | surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris |
| iris | controls the amount of light entering the eye |
| iris | the colorful muscular layer of the eye that surrounds the pupil |
| iris | to decrease the amt of light - muscles contract to make the pupil smaller |
| iris | to increase the amt of light - muscles dilate (relax) to make pupil larger |
| iritis | an inflammation of the uveal tract affecting the front of the eye |
| keratitis | an inflammation of the cornea |
| labyrinthectomy | surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth |
| labyrinthitis | an inflammation of the labyrinth that can result in vertigo and deafness |
| labyrinthotomy | surgical incision between two of the fluid chambers of the labyrinth to allow the pressure to equalize |
| lacrimal apparatus | accessory structures of the eyes that produce store and remove tears |
| lacrimal apparatus | the structures that produce, store, and remove tears |
| lacrimal canal | a duct at the inner corner of each eye |
| lacrimal duct | passageway that drains excess tears into the nose |
| lacrimal fluid | maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball |
| lacrimal glands | secrete lacrimal fluid (tears) |
| lacrimal sac | an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct |
| lacrimation | the secretion of tears |
| laser iridotomy | uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye to teat closed angle glaucoma |
| laser trabeculoplasty | used to treat open angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly |
| LASIK | Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis |
| LASIK | used to treat vision conditions that are caused by the shape of the cornea like myopia |
| legal blindness | the point where under law a person is considered to be blind |
| lens | focuses rays of light on the retina |
| lens | the clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina - located behind the iris and pupil |
| lensectomy | general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract clouded lens |
| macula | clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina that is the sharpest central vision |
| macular degeneration | gradually progressive condition where the macula at the center of the retina is damaged - results are loss of central vision |
| mastoid bone cells | hollow air spaces located in the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| mastoidectomy | surgical removal of mastoid cells |
| mastoiditis | an inflammation of any part of the mastoid bone cells |
| Meniere's syndrome | rare chronic disease where the amt of fluid in the inner ear increased intermittently producing attacks of vertigo fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus |
| middle ear | located between outer ear and the inner ear |
| middle ear | transmits sound waves to the inner ear |
| monaural testing | involves one ear |
| monochromatism | the inability to distinguish colors |
| mydriatic drops | medicated drops placed into the eyes that produce temporary paralysis - forces the pupils to remain dilated |
| myopia | a defect where light rays focus in front of the retina |
| myringotomy | the surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes |
| noise induced hearing loss | a type of nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises |
| nyctalopia | condition where an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night |
| nystagmus | an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by neurological injury or drug use |
| ocular | means pertaining to the eye |
| ocular prosthesis | fitted to wear over a malformed eye or to replace an eyeball that has been removed |
| OD | Right eye (Oculus Dexter) |
| opaque | means that light cannot pass thru this substance |
| open angle glaucoma | most common - the trabecular meshwork gradually becomes blocked causing a buildup of pressure |
| ophthalmologist | a physician who specialized in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eyes and vision |
| ophthalmoscopy | visual examination of the fundus |
| optic | pertaining to the eye or sight |
| optic disk | small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve |
| optic nerve | transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain |
| optometrist | holds a doctor of optometry degree - specialized in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed |
| orbit | the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball |
| orbitotomy | surgical incision into the orbit |
| organ of corti | receives the vibrations from the cochlear duct and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers |
| OS | Left eye (Oculus Sinister) |
| otalgia | pain in the ear |
| otitis | any inflammation of the ear |
| otitis externa | an inflammation of external auditory canal |
| otitis interna | an inflammation of the inner ear |
| otitis media | an inflammation of the middle ear |
| otitis media | an inflammation of the middle ear |
| otomycosis | a fungal infection of the external auditory canal |
| otoplasty | surgical repair of the pinna of the ear |
| otopyorrhea | the flow of pus from the ear |
| otorrhagia | bleeding from the ear |
| otosclerosis | the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss |
| otoscope | used to examine the external ear canal |
| OU | Each eye or both eyes (Oculus Uterque) |
| outer canthus | where the eyelids meet FARTHEST from the nose |
| outer ear | transmits sound waves to the middle ear |
| oval window | located under the base of the stapes is the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear |
| papilledema | swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye thru the optic disk |
| patulous | means extended, spread wide open |
| patulous eustachian tube | distention of the eustachian tube |
| periorbital edema | swelling surrounding the eye or eyes |
| peripheral | means occurring away from the center |
| PERRLA | a diagnostic observation |
| PERRLA | Pupils are Equal, Round, Responsive to Light and Accommodation |
| phacoemulsification | ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract |
| photocoagulation | use of lasers to treat some forms of wet macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels |
| pinna | the external portion of the ear that catches sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal |
| posterior chamber | located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place |
| posterior segment | makes up two thirds of the eyeball - is lined with the retina and filled with vitreous gel |
| presbycusis | a gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages |
| presbyopia | the condition of common changes in the eye that occur with aging |
| pseudophakia | an eye where the natural lens has been replaced with an intraocular lens |
| pterygium | a benign growth on the cornea that can become large enough to distort vision |
| pupil | the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye |
| purulent | means producing or containing pus |
| radial keratotomy | surgical procedure to treat myopia |
| refraction | examination procedure to determine an eye's refractive error |
| refraction | the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina |
| refractive disorder | focusing problem that occurs when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina |
| retina | converts light images into electrical impulses and transmits them to the brain |
| retina | the sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye-receives nerve impulses and transmits them to the brain via the optic nerve |
| retinal detachment | the retina is pulled away from its attachment to the choroid in the back of the eye |
| retinal tear | a hole develops in the retina as it is pulled away from its normal position |
| retinitis pigmentosa | progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision |
| retinopexy | used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment by sealing the torn portion |
| rods | black and white receptors |
| rods & cones | receive images that have passed thru the lens of the eye - images are converted into nerve impulses and sent to brain via optic nerve |
| ruptured eardrum | due to buildup of pus or fluid in the middle ear |
| sclera | maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue |
| scleritis | inflammation of the sclera |
| scotoma | an abnormal area of absent or depressed vision surrounded by an area of normal vision |
| segments of the eyeball | divided into the anterior and posterior segments |
| semicircular canals | contain liquid endolymph and sensitive hair like cells that sets up impulses in nerve fibers to help maintain equilibrium |
| sensorineural conduction | occurs when sound vibrations reach the inner ear where the sound waves are then relayed to the auditory nerve for transmission to the brain |
| sensorineural hearing loss | develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged |
| serous otitis media | fluid buildup in the middle ear that can follow acute otitis media or can be caused by obstruction of the eustachian tube |
| slit lamp ophthalmoscopy | a diagnostic procedure where a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to permit viewing of the structures at the front of the eye |
| Snellen chart | used to measure visual acuity |
| stapedectomy | surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piston that conducts vibrations |
| strabismus | a disorder where the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly due to eye muscles are unable to focus together |
| subconjunctival hemorrhage | bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera |
| synechia | an adhesion that binds the iris to an adjacent structure |
| tarsorrhaphy | the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids |
| tarsus | the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape |
| tinnitus | a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears |
| tonometry | the measurement of intraocular pressure |
| trabecular meshwork | filters and drains aqueous fluid |
| trifocals | lenses with three powers |
| tympanic membrane | between the outer and middle ear that transmit sounds by vibrating |
| tympanogram | result of tympanometry test |
| tympanometry | the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear |
| tympanoplasty | surgical correction of a damaged middle ear |
| tympanostomy tubes | tiny ventilating tubes placed thru the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure |
| upper & lower eyelids | help protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and injuries |
| uveal tract | the pigmented layer of the eye - rich blood supply and consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris |
| vertigo | sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance |
| visual acuity | the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance |
| visual field testing | performed to determine losses in peripheral vision |
| vitrectomy | removal of the vitreous fluid and its replacement with a clear solution |
| vitreous detachment | occurs as aging causes he vitreous gel to slowly shrink - the fine fibers within the gel pull on the retinal surface causing the fibers to break allowing the vitreous to separate and shrink from the retina |
| vitreous gel | soft, clear, jelly like mass that contains millions of fine fibers which are attached to the surface of the retina and help the eye maintain its shape |
| wet type macular degeneration | caused by the formation of new blood vessels that produce small hemorrhages damaging the macula |
| xerophthalmia | drying of eye surfaces including the conjunctiva |
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