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Arianism denied Jesus' humanity, denied Jesus' divinity Charlemagne "Charles the Great", devoted family man, devout Christian, visionary ruler and ideal knight Constantinople the new capital of the empire, constantine established it Ecumenical councils helped settle disputes and divisive heresies Justinian code a collection of laws written in Latin that became the basis if European law that were instituted by Byzantine emperor Justin Macedonianism a fourth century heresy named for a bishop of Macedonius that claimed that the Son created the Holy Spirit who was in turn subordinate to the Father and the Son St. Ambrose Roman noble and governor of Milan St. Jerome became a monk in Aquilia; defended the orthodox faith St. Patrick "Apostle to Ireland" Church fathers theologians of the first eight centuries who helped to write and form church doctrine which has remained in great authority through the ages Nestorianism taught that there were two persons in Christ-- one divine, one only human Battle of Milvian Bridge Constatines army marched on Rome in 312 AD to defeat Maxentius St. Benedict of Nursia took vows of poverty, chasity, and obedience to the abbot or abbess Council of Chalcedon Christ is one person who is 100% God and 100% man Edict of Milan tolerated Christianity throughout the empire Latin Vulgate the authorized Bible used in the Catholic Church up to modern times Maxentius the son of the tetrarch Maximian, unsurped the throne, proclaimed himself emporer Pelagianism taught that humans did not need God's help to achieve salvation St. Anthony of Egpyt first christian monk, father of the movement St. Bonifice british monk who evangelized on the continent St. John Chrysostom preached against moral laxity of the rich St. scholastica founded a monastery for women Byzantine Empire the empire in the East that survived Clovis King of the Franks Council of Ephesus condemned Nestorianism Evangelization the preaching of the Gospel Leo the Great asserted the primacy of the Pope Monasticism a spiritual and social movement in which men and women withdrew from the world to live solitary or communal lives to attain person holliness Pepin the Short son of Charles Martel, became king after his father St. Augustine of Canterbury peacefully converted King Ethelbert of the Anglo- Saxons St. Brigid of Ireland founded several convents St. Monica consoled at the conversion of her mother in law and husband the year before his death Tetarchy leadership of four people Caesaropapism the political theory that held that a secular ruler should also have authority over the church, including in matters of doctrine Constatine ruled Britain and Gaul after his father Council of Nicea perserved unity and peace in the Church and empire Gregory the Great secured the authority of the Pope Licinius constantines Eastern counter part, issued Edict of Milan Monophysitism a heresy of the late 5th and early 6th centures that taught that there is only one nature in the Person of Christ, the divine nature Pontifex Maximus "Highest Bridge Builder" St. Augustine of Hippo demonstrated that humans are born with fallen natures St. Cyril of Alexandria taught that Jesus was one divine person, the second person of the Trinity St. Pachomius organized the first monasteries Theotokos "God Bearer" or Mother of God Crisis of Third Century 50 years during which the empire saw 20-25 rulers. Most of these rulers were members of the Roman Army Empire split into different regions arounnd 250 AD Tetrarchy instituted by Diocletian 2 caesars, two augusti Appeal of Christiany to Constantine powerful ethical code; unity helped the empire achieve stability and order Why was the Nicene Creed written and what did it state about Jesus? To clearly lay out Jesus's divine nature, Christ is Lord, Christ is Son, He is not of the material world