5 Written Questions

1. generated whenever force is distributed over a surface area
   Normal atm pressure is 105 Pascals
   If area remains constant, pressure increases as force increases
   Just audible sound 20 microPa
   Damaging sound 2x10^8 Pa
2. How well does a test diagnose or ID a disorder?
   The fraction of those with the disorder correctly identified.
   True Positive/ (True Positive + False Negative) x 100
3. minimum of 2 levels
   5 to 10 dB above MCL (approximation of maximum performance)
   Then 90 dB to reveal a possible rollover in performance indicative of retrocochlear disorders
4. the rapid and random movement of air particles. Affected by the heat in the environment; more heat more particle velocity
   Without condensations and rarefractions
5. set of 10 synthetic sentences each with 7 words. No meaning.
   Words from Thordike's list of 1000 most familiar words
   Competing message of connected speech
   is presented to increase difficulty
   Can generate a PI function, steep

5 Matching Questions

1. Beats
2. Occlusion effect corrections
3. Hearing in Noise Test
4. Harmonics
5. Volume Units meter

1. a periodic variations of the amplitude of a tone when a second tone of slightly different frequency is produced simultaneously.
   Beats/second is determined by the difference between frequencies
2. b measures listener's ability to hear a sentence in quiet and in noise in the sound field
   Speech noise is presented at 65 dB HL and the intensity is varied to find hearing level required for 50% of a list of 10 sentences to be repeated correctly
   Score is given as dB difference between the background noise and sentence level required to attain 50%
   The higher the SNR, the more difficulty the listener has hearing in noise
3. c used in speech audiometry to visually monitor the intensity of the input source
4. d 30 dB at 250 Hz, 20 at 500, 10 at 1000
5. e first harmonic is the fundamental frequency, second is twice the fundamental etc
   The first overtone is equal to the second harmonic etc

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. the less-than-normal growth in loudness of a signal as intensity is increased. Also called subtractive hearing loss, it is suggestive of a loss of nerve units.
   Retrocochlear site of lesion- no recruitment or decruitment
   1. Rinne Test
   2. Loudness decruitment
   3. Loudness
   4. Forced Vibration
2. broadband/wideband
   approximately equal energy per cycle, covers broad range of frequencies
   Earphones limit intensity to 6000 Hz
   1. Clinical Masking
   2. Central masking
   3. White Noise (Thermal, Gaussian)
   4. Pure Tone Average (PTA)
3. lists of 50 one syllable words that are supposed to contain all the phonetic elements of English speech. These lists are used for testing word recognition.
   Hirsch's word lists based on Egan's work are called CID Auditory Test W-22, 30 dB SL-most popular
   1. Narrowband Noise
   2. Nonsense Syllable Lists
   3. Phonetically Balanced Word Lists
   4. History of audiology
4. a peak energy in the spectrum of a vowel sound. determined by the individual's vocal tract
   1. Velocity
   2. Formant
   3. Period
   4. Work
5. An electronic instrument designed to measure the levels of sounds in different acoustic environments
   Used for calibration
   Usually incorporates several weighting networks which simulate the 40, 70 and 100 phon equal loudness contours
   1. Rinne Test
   2. Roll-over
   3. Sensitivity
   4. Sound Level Meter

5 True/False Questions

1. Periodic vs Aperiodic sounds → Periodic: complex sounds that repeat over time (speech, music) all frequencies are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency (harmonics)
   Aperiodic: vary randomly and do not have fundamental frequencies. perceived as noise

   True        False

2. Masking efficiency → How well does a test reject an incorrect diagnosis?
   The fraction of those without the disorder correctly identified as negative.
   True Negative/ (True negative + False positive) x 100

   True        False

3. Audiometer frequencies and intensities → can be performed by using the BC vibrator.
   Placed at midline of the skull
   Has been suggested this test be used for determining which ear to mask during BC testing

   True        False

4. Tactile responses → first harmonic is the fundamental frequency, second is twice the fundamental etc
   The first overtone is equal to the second harmonic etc

   True        False

5. Connected Speech Test → audiovisual (can be audio only) recording with 6-talker speech babble competition
   8 sets of 6 passages
   Patient listens to one sentence at a time and is asked to repeat as much of each sentence as he understands
   Each passage contains 25 key words

   True        False