cognition and attachment (ch 4 notes)
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Created by:
KrIsTa1592 on September 30, 2011
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 jean piaget | -said that children create "theories" about the world; thinking helps them adapt; thinking is related to exploring -observed his own children -said that thinking is organized -created theory of cognitive development -studied/worked with exploration of the environmant |
| schemes/schemas | -help us organize things -mental structures that organize info and regulate behavior -infancy:based on action -later: based on function and conceptual relationships (understanding cause and effect) |
| ways schemes change | -assimilation -accomodation -equilibrium -equilibration |
| assimiliation | new experiences incorporated into existing schemes |
| accomodation | experience; new knowledge -old scheme is inadequate; must be changed |
| equilibrium | easily use assimilation and accomodation |
| equilibration | too much accomodation necessary -reorganize schemes -develop new ways of thinking; new theories -major changes at 2, 7, and 12 yrs |
| stages of cognitive deveopment | -created by piaget sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational |
| sensorimotor stage | 0-2 yrs of age |
| preoperational stage | 2-7 yrs |
| concrete operational | 7-12 yrs |
| formal operational | 12 + yrs |
| sensorimotor stage | -first 2 years of life -when babies start putting everything in their mouth (taste) -use their senses (touching, observing, etc.) |
| schemes | developed through changes in perceptual and motor skills |
| piaget | used observations to develop his history; had to wait for children to demonstrate behavior -didnt have modern paradigmsm like preferential looking technique or physiological monitoring -babies know more at earlier stages than this person though |
| attachment | enduring social-emotional relationship between infant and parent/caregiver -biologically preprogrammed -necessary for survival |
| a primary attachment figure | what humans needs |
| bowlby | person who after WWII, studied how many infants in orphanages were dying from starvation and delayed development due to not having mothers/caregivers to attach themselves to |
| harlow's monkeys | experiment that showed monkeys who spent 16-18 hrs a day on cloth sim. mother, and only went to wire sim. mother for nourishment |
| critical period | 1 yr of baby's life needs to practice attachment in order to survive |
| proximity-seeking behavior | ex: harlow's monkeys -mantain physical contact or be close -activated when survive is threatened (ex:9/11) |
| preattachment phase | 0-3 months -most reflexive responses -social smile |
| attachment in the making phase | 4 months -slight preference for primary caregiver |
| clear-cut attachment phase | 7+ months -separation anxiety;stranger anxiety -zone of optimum comfort |
| zone of optimum comfort | how far away children are willing to be from their caregiver |
| working model | about age 3 -attachment bonds are formed -dont need to see caregiver to know they exist -develops internal representation of primary attachment figure -knows they continue to exist even if gone -knows they will return if they leave -transitional objects (ex:blanket, or something comforting) |
| strange situation | tested different attachment styles -mary ainsworth created it -series of planned separations and reunions with primary caregiver -observed child's responses to return -identified 4 types of attachment |
| attachment styles | secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, and disorganized |
| secure attachment | most common -joy at caregiver's return |
| avoidant attachment | ignore caregiver; indifferent |
| anxious/ambivalent attachment | distress at separation; anger at return |
| disorganized attachment | freeze or fear reaction at return |
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