Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

jean piaget -said that children create "theories" about the world; thinking helps them adapt; thinking is related to exploring -observed his own children -said that thinking is organized -created theory of cognitive development -studied/worked with exploration of the environmant schemes/schemas -help us organize things -mental structures that organize info and regulate behavior -infancy:based on action -later: based on function and conceptual relationships (understanding cause and effect) ways schemes change -assimilation -accomodation -equilibrium -equilibration assimiliation new experiences incorporated into existing schemes accomodation experience; new knowledge -old scheme is inadequate; must be changed equilibrium easily use assimilation and accomodation equilibration too much accomodation necessary -reorganize schemes -develop new ways of thinking; new theories -major changes at 2, 7, and 12 yrs stages of cognitive deveopment -created by piaget sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational sensorimotor stage 0-2 yrs of age preoperational stage 2-7 yrs concrete operational 7-12 yrs formal operational 12 + yrs sensorimotor stage -first 2 years of life -when babies start putting everything in their mouth (taste) -use their senses (touching, observing, etc.) schemes developed through changes in perceptual and motor skills piaget used observations to develop his history; had to wait for children to demonstrate behavior -didnt have modern paradigmsm like preferential looking technique or physiological monitoring -babies know more at earlier stages than this person though attachment enduring social-emotional relationship between infant and parent/caregiver -biologically preprogrammed -necessary for survival a primary attachment figure what humans needs bowlby person who after WWII, studied how many infants in orphanages were dying from starvation and delayed development due to not having mothers/caregivers to attach themselves to harlow's monkeys experiment that showed monkeys who spent 16-18 hrs a day on cloth sim. mother, and only went to wire sim. mother for nourishment critical period 1 yr of baby's life needs to practice attachment in order to survive proximity-seeking behavior ex: harlow's monkeys -mantain physical contact or be close -activated when survive is threatened (ex:9/11) preattachment phase 0-3 months -most reflexive responses -social smile attachment in the making phase 4 months -slight preference for primary caregiver clear-cut attachment phase 7+ months -separation anxiety;stranger anxiety -zone of optimum comfort zone of optimum comfort how far away children are willing to be from their caregiver working model about age 3 -attachment bonds are formed -dont need to see caregiver to know they exist -develops internal representation of primary attachment figure -knows they continue to exist even if gone -knows they will return if they leave -transitional objects (ex:blanket, or something comforting) strange situation tested different attachment styles -mary ainsworth created it -series of planned separations and reunions with primary caregiver -observed child's responses to return -identified 4 types of attachment attachment styles secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, and disorganized secure attachment most common -joy at caregiver's return avoidant attachment ignore caregiver; indifferent anxious/ambivalent attachment distress at separation; anger at return disorganized attachment freeze or fear reaction at return