1.
anti semitism: prejudice against jews
2.
apocalypse: the dramatic end of the present end
3.
ashkenazim: an ethnic grouping of the jews that migrated first to italy, spread throughout central andeastern europe and thence on to the americas
4.
conservative judaism: -middle traditions between orthodox and reform
-split from orthodoxy in the US
-older traditions kept like food but recent traditions banded like dress
-conserve tradition from historical precedents
5.
covenant: special covenant relationship between the jewish people and god
-people obedient to god, and in return god grants special favors and ethical agreements to the people
-paradigm for special relatinship is covenant between god and abraham on behalf of jewish people
6.
destruction of 1st temple: 586 bce by babylonians
7.
destruction of the 2nd temple: 70 ce by the romans
8.
ghetto: urban area occupied by those rejected by a society, such as quarters for jews in some european cities
9.
haggadah: the non legal part of the talmud and midrash
10.
halakhah: jewish legal decision and parts of the talmud dealing with laws
11.
hanukkah: "feast of dedication" for eight nights, lighting a candle each night on a minora
-celebrates the victory of the maccabean rebellion against antiochus that forced non jewish traditions on jews
-legends says when jews able to access the temple there was a candle still lit for 8 days when there was only enough oil for 1 day
-gift giving and driedels
12.
hasidism: ecstatic jewish piety,dating from 18 century poland, type of orthodoxy, israel ben alizer, messiah will be David and yet to come, women can have leadership positions, shave hair, isolationists
13.
kabbalah: jewish mystic tradition
14.
kosher: ritually acceptable, applied to foods in jewish orthodoxy
15.
messiah: the "anointed", the expected king and deliverer of the jews, term later used by christians applied to jesus
16.
midrash: the literature delving into the jewish torah
-interweaving of historical commentaries and disagreements of interpretation of torah among rabbis
17.
minyan: the quorum of ten adult males required for jewish communal worship
18.
mishnah: 200 ce, judah the prince completed a terse edition of legal teachings of the oral Torah known as the Mishnah
-method for social order is based on logical analysis of how things are and why they are so
-sets up hierarchical classifications like womens status and domestic responsibilities according to # of slave girls they bring in marriage, and mens responsibilities in marriage
*****became basic study text for rabbinic academies in judea and babylonia
19.
mitzvah: a divine commandment or sacred deed in fulfillment of a commandment
20.
Mordecai Kaplan: founder/leader of recontructionist judaism
-wanted to reconstruct judaism by engaging in modern life and altering jewish practice
-called for "new religious realism"
-should be historic and progressive
-against supernatural=God, religion=for the people
21.
orthodox judaism: observing the traditional rabbinical halakhah; strictest form of judaism
22.
orthodox judaism: -traditionalists
-services in hebrew
-maintain obligations of the torah
-prayer:tallith, tefflin
1.kashrut=food laws
2.sabbath regulations
3.kappan=dress code
23.
pass over: "pesach"-celebtrates the liberation from bondage in egypt and springtime advent for new life
24.
pentateuch: 5 books of moses at the beginning of the hebrew bible
25.
rabbi: teacher, the ordained spiritual leader of a jewish congregation, inheritors of the pharisee tradition, kept teachings of the tanakha
26.
reform/liberal judaism: movement that began in the 19 century as a way of modernizing the religion and making it more accessible and open ended
-response to european christianity
-moses mendelssohn
27.
reformed judaisms pittsburgh platform: -other religions have truth but judaism is highest
-god is a force not a person-but open to understanding
-open to how world was formed-accepted science
-ceremonies shoudl elevate and sanctify lives
-stop waiting for messiah to come
-against zionism
-judaism is a progressive religion..should modernize
-recognize daughter religions chirstianity and islam
28.
responses to the shoah: -questions convenant with God
1.richard rubenstien=god died @aushwitz, continue jewish traditions w/o God
2.Emil Fackenheim=god is a work in history, jews recieved their 614th commandment to continue jewish religion
3. Elie Weisel-jews have right to be angry at god, god broke covenant w jews @ aushwitz
4. Irving Greenberg=jews live a momentary fate between exodus and holocaust (blessed and cursed) all jews must recognize each type under same god
29.
sabbath: day of the week set aside for rest and worship;friday at sunset to saturday at sunset
-eternal sign of the covenant between god and jews
-peaceful day of rest
30.
sephardim: an ethnic grouping of the jews who migrated first to spain and then to north africa, the americas, and back to west asia
31.
shekhinah: gods presence in the world in the relationship to the people, sometimes depticted as a radiant, winged presence
32.
story of abraham: -held up as an example of obedience to gods commandments and undergoes circumcision
-he and wife sarah were childless for many years so he screws hagar his egyptian made for a son as his concubine=Ishmael
-sarah gives birth to isaac after and bans hagar and ishmael
=abraham will be father of islam and judaism
-god tests abrahams loyalty by asking him to sacrifice his son isaac and he would
33.
synagogue: meeting place for jewish study and worship
34.
talmud: the mishnah and the rabbis' commentiaries organized to create the Talmud(midrash)
-vast compendium law, midrash, and argument
-records disagreements among rabbis
jewish law and lore, compiled in 6 century ce
2 talmuds= same mishnah, dif gemara(commentaries)
1.jerusalem talmud:emphasizes torah as spiritual practice to know God
2.babylonian talmud: developed as an encyclopedia of the toarh, better preserved so more prominent, torah is essential to israels destiny as nation 2 uphold gods laws
35.
tanakh: jewish scriptures
36.
temple of jerusalem: king soloman built temple of jerusalem, permanent hom fo the ark and the covenant, burned offerings of animals, grain, oil to the divine
37.
the maccabean revolt: -seleucid empire ruled judah
-antiochus IV Epiphanes ruler attempted to supress jewish revolt and traditions
-raded the temple and sacrificed pig on altar for burnt offering to make it unusable
-164-167 bce=jews join revolt w maccabee family in revolt
-maccabee is successful in breaking cyrian rule
-100 years lived as independent state
38.
the shoah/holocaust: murder of 6 million jews by nazi leader Adolf Hitler during WW2
-jewish hatred started in greco-roman culture since christianity is deemed state religion 4th century ce
-anti semitism begins 19th century "mongrel race"
-jews accumulate wealth in russia and eastern europe to add to hatred
-leon trotsky starts pogroms against jewish communities by white russians in the civil war
-jews blamed for germans problems after WW1
-"final solution" total extermination of all jews in europe
39.
the trefa banquet: -hebrew union college banquet 1883
-organized by isaac mayer wise to reform judaism to make it modern american judaism
-ordination of four rabbis
-3 hour banquet about unity, good will
-after banquet there was food served=clam,crab,shrimp,frog legs that orthodox jews couldnt eat and they got offended bc caterers were jewish but not kosher
40.
torah: the pentateuch, whole body of jewish teaching and law
41.
yom kippur: -beginning of spiritual year
-completes the high holy days, renewing the covenant w god in a spirit of atonement and cleansing of sins
-personal inner cleansing by asking forgiveness for all that we harm
42.
zionism: **movement dedicated to the establishment of a pollitically viable, internationally recognized jewish state in the biblical land of israel
-became organized int'l movement by leader Theodor HERZL
-reaction to the antisemitism in europe in late 19 century
-movement with deep roots in judaism and culture
-desire to end the centuries long exile in zion
-messianism focused around king david who will return to unite the jewish ppl in the land of israel
