6141 Microbiology Lecture 2
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Created by:
AprilNowack on October 1, 2011
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Streptococci: gram negative or gram positive? | Gram positive |
| Streptococci: coagulase negative or positive? | Coagulase negative |
| What type of Strep is in group A? | Strep. pyogenes (over 130 different strains (M-protein types)) |
| What type of Strep is in group B? | Strep agalactiae |
| What type of Strep is in group D? | Strep bovis |
| What are some examples of pyogenic disease caused by Strep. pyogenes? | pharyngitis, impetigo, erisypelas, cellulitis, pneumonia |
| What are some examples of immune-related disease caused by Strep pyogenes? | Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis |
| What are some toxinoses caused by Strep pyogenes? | Scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis |
| What is the significance of M proteins when discussing Streptococcus? | M proteins help determine the type of Group A Strep present. Different types cause different diseases. |
| What causes Erysipelas? | Bacterial enzymes (inflammation related and degradative): hyaluronidase, nucleases, hemolysins |
| Describe Strep pyogenes related cellulitis. | Infection of deeper tissue, erysipelas is more superficial. |
| What are the symptoms of rheumatic fever? | fever, rash, carditis (heart valve damage afterwards), and arthritis |
| What causes rheumatic fever? | Strep pyogenes: anti-M protein antibodies cross-react with heart and joint tissue antigens |
| What causes glomerulonephritis? | Antigen-antibody complexes accumulate on the glomerular basement membrane |
| What are the symptoms of glomerulonephritis? | hypertension, edema of the face and ankles, bloody urine |
| What causes Scarlet fever? | Streptococcus pyogenes: erythrogenic toxin, a pyogenic exotoxin. |
| What are the symptoms of scarlet fever? | diffuse red sunburn-like rash on the neck, trunk, and extremities |
| History of Strep pyogenes - 18th and 19th centuries | Streptococcal fasciitis in wounded soldiers, puerperal fever (women), blood poisoning |
| History of Strep pyogenes - late 19th to early 20th centuries | Scarlet and rheumatic fever |
| History of Strep pyogenes - 1940s to present | Scarlet and rheumatic fever virtually disappear |
| History of Strep pyogenes - Late 20th century | Scarlet fever outbreaks, TSS, fasciitis, pneumonia, nosocomial wound infections, invasive systemic infections |
| What is another name for necrotizing fasciitis? | Flesh-eating bacteria |
| Name several pathologies caused by Strep pneumoniae (pneumococcus) | Meningitis, Acute pneumonia, Otitis media |
| What causes meningitis? | Strep pneumoniae adheres to endothelial cells of the meninges (the membranes surrounding the brain and the spinal cord |
| What are some predisposing factors of acute pneumonia? | Repressed cough reflex (drugs and alcohol), respiratory tract infection (influenza virus) or damage (smoking), abnormal circulatory dynamics (heart/lungs), chronic diseases (sickle-cell anemia, nephrosis), head injuries (for meningitis) |
| In individuals less than 1 mo. of age, which organisms are most likely to cause infection? | Streptococcus group B (69.5%) and Listeria monocytogenes (21.8%) |
| In individuals 1-23 mo. of age, which organisms are most likely to cause infection? | Streptococcus pneumoniae (45.2%) and Neisseria meningitidis (30.8%) |
| In individuals 2-29 years, which organisms are most likely to cause infection? | Neisseria meningitidis (59.8%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (27.2%) |
| In individuals 30-50 years, which organisms are most likely to cause infection? | Streptococcus pneumoniae (60.6%) and Neisseria menigitidis (18.2%) |
| In individuals 60+ years of age, which organisms are most likely to cause infection? | Streptococcus pneumoniae (68.6%) and Listeria monocytogenes (21.7%) |
| What is one of Strep penumoniae's virulence factors? | The capsule: inhibits lysis by phagocytes, over 85 different capsular antigen types |
| What is the most common cause of the most common childhood infection? | The most common cause: Strep pneumoniae The most common childhood infeciton: Otitis media |
| What infections are caused by Strep agalactiae? | meningitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia in neonates |
| What infections are caused by Strep bovis (Group D)? | nosocomial UTIs, and endocarditis |
| What infections are caused by Strep mutans (Viridans group)? | causes dental caries, endocarditis, and bacteremia; enters blood stream during dental procedures |
| What are two species of Enterococcal infections? | Enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium |
| What are some characteristics of enterococcal infections? (Where organism resides, pathogenesis...) | Reside in colon, nosocomial (second only to Staph aureus), UTIs, bacteremia, wound infections, endocarditis |
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