GTC Paramedic Program: ECG/EKG values, parameters, definitions, changes, electrophysiology, and hints
About this set
Created by:
cjchaillou on October 1, 2011
Subjects:
ecg, ekg, paramedic, cardiology, electrocardiogram, heart, electrophysiology, ems, gtc, gwinnett technical college
Description:
ECG and 12-lead points to review
Classes:
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Define Automaticity | The ability of a cardiac pacemaker cell to create an electrical impulse without outside stimulation. |
| Define Excitability | The ability of a cardiac cell to respond to outside stimulation. |
| Define Conductivity | The ability of a cardiac cell to receive an electrical impulse and transmit it to an adjoining cell. |
| Define Contractility | The ability of a cardiac cell to shorten (contract) in response to stimulation, be it mechanical, electrical, or chemical. |
| What are the four main electrolyes involved in cardiac function? | Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Chloride |
| What does depolarization of a cardiac cell signify? | Myocardial contraction |
| What does the P-wave of an ECG represent? | Atrial depolarization |
| What does the QRS complex represent? | Ventricular depolarization |
| What does the T-wave represent? | Ventricular repolarization |
| What occurs during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential? | Phase 0: rapid depolarization (start of QRS) -Na+ moves rapidly into the cell; K+ moves out; Ca++ moves slowly into the cell |
| What occurs during Phase 1 of the cardiac action potential? | Phase 1: Early repolarization (small neg. deflection in QRS) -the flow of Na+ into the cell slows; Cl- enters; K+ continues to flow into the cell |
| What occurs during Phase 2 of the cardiac action potential? | Phase 2: Plateau phase (ST segment) -Ca++ continues to trickle in; K+ continues to leave |
| What occurs during Phase 3 of the cardiac action potential? | Phase 3: Final rapid repolarization (T wave) -K+ rapidly flows out of the cell; Na+ and Ca++ channels close |
| What occurs during Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential? | Phase 4: Resting membrane potential -excess Na+ inside and excess K+ outside the cell switch places via the Na+/K+ pump to bring the cell back to a polarized state |
| When is the relative refractory period? | The relative refractory period occurs during phase 3 of the cardiac action potential and from the midpoint of the T-wave to the end of the T-wave. |
| What are the components of the cardiac electrical conduction pathway? | SA node : Atrial conduction fibers : AV node : AV junction : Bundle of His : R and L bundle branches : Purkinje fibers |
| What are the standard limb leads? | Lead I, II, and III |
| What are the Augmented Limb Leads? | aVR, aVL, and aVF |
| Name the chest leads | V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 |
| What does the vertical axis of ECG paper measure? | Millivolts (mV) per mm |
| What does the horizontal axis of ECG paper measure? | 0.04 seconds per mm |
| What are the characteristics of a normal P-wave? | -smooth and rounded -2.5 mm maximum height -no more that 0.11 seconds long -positive deflection in leads I, II, aVF, and V2-V6 |
| What are the characteristics of a normal QRS complex? | -duration less than 0.12 seconds -Q less than 0.04 seconds -Q less than 1/3 the amplitude of the R wave in that lead |
| What are the characteristics of a normal T-wave? | -slightly asymmetric -usually < 5 mm in limb leads -usually <10 mm in chest leads -usually > 0.5 mm in leads I and II |
| What are the characteristics of the normal U wave? | -rounded and symmetric -usually < 1.5 mm high and smaller than the preceding T wave |
| What are the characteristics of the normal ST segment? | -begins with a sharp J-point along the isoelectric line -deviation from the isoelectric line can be normal due to age, gender, and ischemia |
| What are the normal characteristics of the PR Interval? | -measures 0.12 - 0.20 seconds -varies with heart rate |
| How would you determine whether the QT interval length is normal? | Normal : QT < (R-R)/2 Prolonged : QT > (R-R)/2 |
| Which leads represent visualization of the inferior portion of the heart? | Leads II, III, and aVF |
| Which leads represent visualization of the lateral portion of the heart? | Leads I, aVL, V5, and V6 |
| Which leads represent visualization of the anterior portion of the heart? | Leads V3 and V4 |
| Which leads represent visualization of the lateral portion of the heart? | Leads V5 and V6 |
| Which leads represent visualization of the septum of the heart? | Leads V1 and V2 |
| Which leads can be used to represent visualization of the right ventricle of the heart? | Leads V4R, V5R, and V6R |
| What are the criteria for identifying a bundle branch block? | -Wide QRS -QRS complexes produces by supraventricular activity |
| What ECG changes signify Hypocalcemia? | ST segment = long, flattened QT interval = prolonged |
| What ECG changes signify Hypercalcemia? | PR Interval = prolonged ST segment = shortened QT interval = shortened |
| What ECG changes signify Hypokalemia? | QRS complex = widening ST segment = depressed T wave = flattened, followed by U wave QT interval = prolonged |
| What ECG changes signify Hyperkalemia? | P wave = disappear as level increases PR interval = normal or prolonged QRS complex = widen as level increases ST segment = disappears as level increases T wave = tall, peaked or tented |
| What ECG changes signify Hypomagnesemia? | P wave = diminished amplitude QRS = widens as level decreases ST segment = depressed T wave = flattened, U wave follows QT interval = prolonged |
| What ECG changes signify Hypermagnesemia? | PR interval = prolonged QRS = widened T wave = tall or elevated |
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